CKD (chronic kidney disease) includes a state of slowly progressive decline in glomerular filtration function due to various causes, which will eventually lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Strictly speaking, CKD (or CRF as it is traditionally called) is not a diagnostic term for disease, but represents the common features of a variety of diseases at a specific stage of development. Recently, the concept of CKD has been introduced by nephrologists to draw the attention of government, institutions, the general public and non-specialists to the risk of multiple diseases that may cause end-stage renal disease and CKD-related complications. The nephrologist’s definition of CKD: 1. Renal damage ≥ time of presentation has exceeded 3 months: including structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney with or without decreased GFR; a. Abnormal renal pathology; b. Abnormal clinical renal manifestations, including abnormal blood or urine tests, or abnormal imaging; 2. GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 , time ≥ 3 months, with or without detectable renal damage.