Gas gangrene is caused by an anaerobic bacterial infection that may lead to necrosis of muscle tissue and tissues such as fascia and fat. When an infection occurs, it is usually due to a mixture of bacteria rather than a single bacterium, which can produce a variety of harmful toxins, leading to necrosis of the tissues. Most patients can be cured if treated promptly, a few may require amputation, and a very small number of untreated cases may be life-threatening with a high mortality rate. Once diagnosed, gas gangrene requires immediate surgical treatment, which should be carried out in a race against time, followed by comprehensive treatment, such as hyperbaric oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, etc., and the need to isolate patients with gas gangrene.