Anal fistulas are difficult to heal on their own, saline soaks are ineffective, and the vast majority of fistulas require surgical treatment. If left untreated, anal fistulas can recur and eventually develop into peripheral abscesses of the rectum and anal canal. The vast majority of anal fistulas require surgical treatment, which is based on the principle of incising or removing the fistula in its entirety, thereby creating an open wound and promoting healing. Surgical options include fistulotomy, hanging thread therapy and anal fistulotomy. For low anal fistula, fistulotomy can be taken; Hanging thread therapy has wider indications, applicable to low and high simple anal fistula with internal and external openings within 3-5cm from the anal verge, and can also be used as an adjunctive treatment to complex anal fistulotomy; For low simple anal fistula, anal fistulotomy can be taken. Once diagnosed as anal fistula, it is recommended that early surgical treatment, the sooner the treatment the more favorable to the body, to avoid repeated infection aggravate the condition.