Laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery has been carried out in China only in the last decade or so. Especially in recent years, with the popularization of the technology, more and more doctors are gradually mastering this technology and carrying out this kind of surgery accordingly. The advantages of laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer compared to traditional open surgery are: 1. Less pain: This is almost a major feature common to laparoscopic surgery. After surgery, patients can hardly feel the inevitable abdominal pain or incisional pain after conventional open surgery, or only have a very mild pain. Therefore, no postoperative pain injections are required. This is almost one of the most important reasons for choosing to perform laparoscopic rectal surgery for patients. Fast recovery: This is a feature common to other types of laparoscopic surgery, and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery is no exception. Because it is almost painless, most patients can get out of bed on their own the next day after surgery. This can be a source of wonder or amazement for people who are new to laparoscopic rectal surgery. This is also the time when patients and families are happiest. 3. Less bleeding: Because even a very small amount of bleeding during laparoscopic surgery can lead to unclear surgical fields and even the surgery cannot be performed. Therefore, the surgeon usually uses very effective measures to stop even a small amount of bleeding while the surgery is in progress. According to the literature, the bleeding volume of laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery is about 50-100 ml, while the bleeding volume of conventional open surgery is about 300-800 ml. There is a significant difference between the two. Moreover, as the number of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery cases increases, the intraoperative bleeding volume will become less and less. 4.Short hospitalization time: The hospitalization time after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery is usually about one week. During this period, the doctor mainly observes the postoperative anastomosis and the defecation after eating. If the patient performs normally and recovers well in terms of eating, physical strength and mental status after surgery, chemotherapy can be considered to be administered early after surgery, which usually requires another 5 days or so. In contrast, for traditional open rectal cancer surgery, the postoperative hospital stay may take 10-15 days (excluding chemotherapy, because patients with open surgery usually need to go home for a period of time to recuperate before being admitted to the hospital again for chemotherapy due to postoperative recovery problems). If the patient develops an infection in the incision after surgery, the hospital stay may be a little longer. 5. Can achieve the same curative effect as open surgery: This is a topic that is concerned by most patients and their families, doubted by those doctors who are not yet capable of performing laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer, but affirmed by many laparoscopic rectal cancer surgeons. In the face of a wealth of information, the answer is satisfactory. Laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery is becoming the “gold standard” for radical rectal cancer surgery – this is a common opinion in the industry. Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer can be either anal preservation or fistula surgery, depending on the condition of the rectal lesion, especially the distance of the lower edge of the lesion from the anus. In the case of laparoscopic fistula surgery, since there is no open incision after surgery, there is no worry about the incision being infected or splitting – usually for open fistula surgery, the incidence of postoperative incision infection or splitting is still quite high. The main “shortcoming” of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery may be the high cost of materials.1 One is the incisional closure device used under laparoscopy. It is possible to use 1-2 staple bins; 2. However, if we take into account the short hospital stay, the cost of blood transfusion, the cost of changing medication when there is no incisional infection, and the cost of early postoperative chemotherapy (e.g., the cost of laboratory tests and examinations when re-admitted to the hospital), etc., in general, the cost is not much higher than that of open surgery. Moreover, with the localization of instruments, the cost may be further reduced.