Early diagnosis is the key to the prevention and treatment of tumor, among which pathological diagnosis is the key. So, how to find tumor “signal” on pathology report card? The following is the detailed interpretation of the common tumor “signal” language in the pathology report card. 1. Heterogeneous hyperplasia: also known as atypical hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, interstitial change, etc., is the abnormal hyperplasia of epithelial cells due to long-term chronic stimulation. For example, cervical heterogeneous hyperplasia refers to the occurrence of heterogeneous and atypical hyperplasia in part or most of the cervical epithelial cells, which is often described by the term “CIN” in reports. It is recommended that once you have CIN grade II or higher, you should be followed up regularly or treated aggressively. Similarly, heterogeneous hyperplasia in the intestine, bronchus, breast and other lesions should be noted. 2. Differentiation: The cells of a tissue go through various stages of differentiation from embryonic to developmental maturity, and the higher the differentiation, the better its maturity. In the tumor report, it is generally necessary to describe the degree of differentiation to represent the corresponding malignancy degree, prognosis and other “information”. 3. Cancer trend: i.e. “precancerous lesions”. “Precancerous lesions are not cancerous, but if they continue to develop, they may become cancerous. Therefore, we need to be more alert. If the mucosal squamous epithelium is overgrown with certain heterogeneity, it may be transformed into squamous cell carcinoma. Crossborder nevus: Mostly located in palms, feet, external genitalia and back, which are often stimulated by friction, trauma or infection and are prone to cancer. Chronic atrophic gastritis: about 10% of patients with atrophic gastritis may develop cancer. Cervical erosion: Cervical erosion is a more common lesion in women, among which, squamous atypical hyperplasia in severe cervical erosion is prone to carcinogenesis. Cystic hyperplasia and fibroadenoma of the breast: Most commonly seen in women over 40 years of age, the possibility of cancer increases with age. Multiple familial colon polyps: colon polyps are all adenomatous polyps, with a cancer rate of 50% and a family history. 4, cancer suspicion: such reports indicate that it is not completely sure that it is cancer, or the diagnosis of cancer is reserved, and further examination is needed. The reasons may be that the lesion is not typical enough and its nature is difficult to be determined; or although it tends to be malignant, the amount of tissue is too small or there is extrusion, etc. In this type of report, “considered to be ……”, “tends to be ……” “Probably ……”, etc. For example, “rectal tubular adenoma with moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia and possible localized carcinoma”. All these reports require doctors to re-do biopsy or carry out frozen section during surgery, and also require patients to be followed up closely. 5.Carcinoma in situ: Carcinoma in situ refers to cancer cells confined to the epithelial layer of mucosa or the epidermis of skin, which have not yet penetrated the basement membrane and infiltrated into the submucosa or dermis. Commonly speaking, carcinoma in situ is an incipient cancer that has just formed recently, such as cervical, gastric and skin carcinoma in situ. In conclusion, the tumor “information” on the pathology report can arouse people’s high vigilance to prevent and reduce the occurrence of cancer. After all, pathology reports are made by human beings. Sometimes pathology reports are subjective and may not be absolutely accurate. It takes several years for in situ cancer to develop into infiltrating cancer Generally speaking, most cancers develop according to the process of “precancerous lesion – in situ cancer – infiltrating cancer – metastatic cancer”, and it may take several years for in situ cancer to develop into infiltrating cancer.