According to the latest epidemiological findings of diabetes in China, there are more than 90 million diabetic patients in China, which has become the country with the largest number of diabetic patients in the world. Diabetes mainly causes eye, cardiovascular and kidney complications. There are many kinds of eye complications, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic cataract, diabetic neovascular glaucoma, etc. Among them, diabetic retinopathy is the most serious eye complication of diabetic patients, and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 23%, which means that 23 out of every 100 diabetic patients suffer from diabetic retinopathy. In China, especially in counties like Bishan, diabetic patients are not aware of the dangers of diabetic retinopathy. When diabetic retinopathy does not affect the macula in the early stage, vision will not be affected, so patients usually do not come to the ophthalmology department for fundus examination because they are asymptomatic and think that it is enough to control blood sugar. When the lesion reaches the macula, the patient feels a black “floating object”, “tadpole” or “spider web” in front of his eyes. With the poor control of blood sugar or the development of retinopathy into the proliferative phase, the new blood vessels in the fundus of the eye bleed into the vitreous cavity, which will seriously affect vision and even blindness, and even complicate the neovascular glaucoma, both eyes are distended and painful, at this time to the ophthalmology consultation, has delayed the valuable treatment time. It is because the damage to vision caused by diabetic retinopathy is irreversible, early detection and early intervention are essential to control and slow down the progression of the disease. Once diabetes is diagnosed, patients should immediately visit an ophthalmologist for an eye examination and develop a scientific plan for regular follow-up. Given timely and effective interventional treatment, most diabetes-induced visual impairment and blindness can be avoided. (1) All adolescents with type 1 diabetes should undergo eye examinations. If no retinopathy is found, the examination should be done once a year thereafter; if retinopathy is found, the number of fundus examinations should be increased every year thereafter. (2) Once a patient with type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, a comprehensive eye examination should be performed early. If no retinopathy is found, the fundus should be examined every six months thereafter; if abnormalities are found, other special ophthalmic examinations, such as fundus angiography, should be done according to medical advice. (3) Currently, there is no specific drug for diabetic retinopathy worldwide. Patients can be treated symptomatically with laser and assisted with drugs to improve microcirculation. In case of vitreous blood accumulation and retinal detachment, vitrectomy should be considered, but the surgical results are usually not satisfactory.