I. Basic knowledge and philosophy
1.It is the social responsibility of every citizen to promote the health of mothers and babies and to improve the quality of the population at birth.
2, men and women who are ready to get married should go to health care institutions to receive premarital health services.
3, pregnancy and childbirth is the physiological process of human reproduction, should be planned and prepared. Couples preparing for childbirth should go to health care institutions to receive pre-conception health services. Baotou Central Hospital General Surgery Department Zhang Mao
4, smoking and passive smoking can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight.
5, women preparing for pregnancy and pregnant women should avoid contact with toxic and harmful substances in the living and occupational environment and avoid close contact with pets.
6, 3 months before pregnancy to early pregnancy 3 months supplementation folic acid can prevent fetal neural tube defects.
7.The prenatal examination mainly includes measurement of blood pressure, weight, uterine height, fetal position, fetal heart rate, blood and urine tests and ultrasound examination.
8.The first prenatal checkup should be done for hepatitis B, syphilis and AIDS.
9.Prenatal diagnosis can detect certain congenital defects and hereditary diseases of the fetus, and pregnant women over 35 years old are of advanced age and should undergo prenatal diagnosis.
10.The normal blood pressure of pregnant women is less than 140 mmHg systolic and less than 90 mmHg diastolic.
11, Pregnant women’s hemoglobin should be no less than 110 g/l.
12, During pregnancy, if there is high fever, dizziness, headache, vomiting, blurred vision, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, ruptured fetal membranes and broken water, and abnormal fetal movement, you should go to a health care institution immediately.
13.The screening of gestational diabetes is recommended from 24 weeks to 28 weeks of pregnancy.
14.Full-term delivery refers to delivery between 37 weeks and 42 weeks of pregnancy.
15.Natural birth is the most ideal way of delivery with the least damage to mother and baby.
16.The signs of labor are: regular, painful and gradually increasing uterine contractions, each lasting 30 seconds or more, with an interval of 5 minutes to 6 minutes.
17, in all stages of pregnancy and childbirth, the mother may have different degrees of psychological changes, relaxation can help prevent pregnancy and postpartum depression.
18.Breast milk is the most ideal natural food for infants, advocate exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. fresh milk is not suitable for infants under 1 year old.
19.The birth weight of a normal full-term newborn is between 2500 grams and 4000 grams, more than 4000 grams is a huge baby, less than 2500 grams is a low birth weight baby.
20.A newborn should be screened for neonatal diseases after birth.
21, newborns can appear physiological weight loss, generally no more than 10% of the birth weight, 7 days after birth – 10 days to recover to the birth weight.
22.Physiological jaundice in newborns generally appears 2-3 days after birth, and begins to gradually subside on the 7th-10th day.
23.The newborn’s umbilical cord is usually shed 1 week-2 weeks after birth.
24.At full term, the weight of the newborn should be at least 600 grams more than at birth.
25, should ensure that the newborn baby sleep enough, a day sleep time is generally 16 hours -20 hours.
26.From birth, infants should be supplemented with 400-800 international units of vitamin D every day under the guidance of a doctor. Normal full-term newborns generally do not need calcium supplements within 6 months after birth.
27.Parents or caregivers should communicate with the infant frequently to meet the various needs of the infant in a timely manner.
28.Infant’s milk teeth usually erupt between 4 months and 10 months after birth.
29.After birth, infants should be vaccinated according to immunization planning procedures.
30.The fontanelle of infants generally closes between 12 months and 18 months after birth.
II. Healthy lifestyle and behavior
31.Pregnant women should insist on brushing their teeth in the morning and evening and rinsing their mouth after meals.
32.Pregnant women should prohibit smoking and alcohol, preferably without high heels, no hair dye, less makeup, and comfortable clothing.
33.Pregnant women should do more than 30 minutes of suitable exercise every day.
34. Pregnant women should have at least five prenatal checkups and be hospitalized for delivery. The first prenatal checkup should be before the 12th week of pregnancy.
35.Pregnant women should ensure a reasonable diet, balanced nutrition and appropriate amount of iron, calcium and other nutrients under the guidance of a doctor.
36.The appropriate intake of calcium is 1000 mg per day in mid-pregnancy, and 1200 mg per day in late pregnancy and during lactation.
37.Pregnant women should maintain the appropriate weight growth. Pregnant women with normal weight before pregnancy should gain about 12 kg during pregnancy.
38.Mothers should increase the intake of fish, poultry, eggs, meat and fresh vegetables and fruits in an appropriate amount during lactation.
39.Mothers should develop good personal hygiene habits, advocate opening windows, brushing teeth, bathing, etc.
40.Breastfeeding should be started within one hour after birth, with early contact, early sucking, early opening and breastfeeding on demand.
41.From 6 months after birth, infants should be given iron-rich pureed food gradually.
42.After adding complementary foods, infants can continue breastfeeding until they are 2 years old or above.
43. Both mother and baby should receive a health check-up around 42 days after delivery.
44.Infants should be examined at 3, 6, 8 and 12 months of age.
45.Women workers with infants less than 1 year old can enjoy two breastfeeding, including artificial feeding, periods of 30 minutes each during each work shift.
III. Basic skills
46.Remember the last menstruation and learn to calculate the expected date of delivery.
47.Pregnant women usually start to feel fetal movement in 18-20 weeks of pregnancy, and should learn how to count fetal movement in the late pregnancy.
48.Pregnant mothers should seek medical consultation in time and take medication under the guidance of doctors. If you need emergency medical assistance, call 120 emergency number.
49.Lactating women should take effective contraceptive measures.
50.The non-dairy food added to infants should be diversified, paying attention to less sugar, no salt, no seasonings.
51.The infant’s chewing ability should be exercised from 7 months to 8 months after birth, and the infant can be trained to eat by himself with a spoon from 10 months to 12 months.
52.If the infant’s body temperature exceeds 38.5℃, appropriate cooling measures need to be taken under the guidance of a doctor.
53.Infants with diarrhea do not need to fast, they can continue breastfeeding and replenish fluids in time to avoid dehydration.
54.Counting the number of whistles can identify pneumonia early. In a quiet state, the number of whistles does not exceed 60 times/min for infants 2 days-2 months after birth and 50 times/min for infants 2 months-12 months.
55.Avoid accidental injuries such as falls, burns, suffocation, poisoning, electrocution and drowning in infants.