Urinary protein and urinary occult blood are two completely different concepts. Both protein and occult blood in urine are negative in normal individuals. If elevated, it can be seen in pyelonephritis, a variety of primary or secondary glomerulonephritis. Both can be present at the same time or separately. Positive urine occult blood alone can be seen in urinary tract infections, stones, tuberculosis, renal cysts, tumors, and glomerulonephritis. Positive urine protein can be seen in pyelonephritis and various primary or secondary glomerular diseases, tubulointerstitial diseases, and renal vascular diseases. The bitemporal examination of urinary occult red blood cells can identify the source of red blood cells and help in clinical diagnosis.