It has been said that “sleep is the interest paid to death” and that sufficient and good sleep is necessary to ensure that we are in an optimal working condition and happy life. Sleep and wakefulness are extremely important physiological phenomena for human beings. Under the normal physiological function, sleep and wakefulness are transformed into each other in a rhythmic manner. Sleep has an irreplaceable role in the adjustment of normal physiological functions, the timely replenishment of energy and the maintenance of the stability of the internal environment of the body. In normal human, there is a wake-sleep cycle every 24h. Insomnia, as a manifestation of the disorder of the higher central nervous system, has a complex pathogenesis, but the main reason is due to the dysfunction of the plant nervous system and the imbalance of the body’s internal environment. Patients with insomnia often feel a lack of mental and physical strength, a low quality of life, and a very painful state. As people pay more attention to the state of health, coupled with the accelerated pace of life in modern society and increased tension, there are more and more internal and external environmental changes that “stimulate” the human body. All these factors act directly or indirectly on the central nervous system, thus leading to dysfunction and becoming an important cause of insomnia. As a common clinical complaint, insomnia can be characterized by difficulty in falling asleep, light sleep, easy awakening and early morning waking. Common insomnia is classified according to the causes: 1) somatic insomnia; 2) drug-related insomnia; 3) environmental insomnia; 4) psychogenic insomnia, which is the most common type of insomnia in clinical practice; 5) insomnia due to imbalance of human biological clock. Previous treatment for insomnia patients routinely applies sedative and hypnotic drugs for symptomatic treatment. Most patients are prone to drug resistance and dependence on such drugs, and thus have to gradually increase the dose of drugs during the course of taking them. Some patients even cannot sleep even after taking large doses of drugs, resulting in insomnia all night long, which causes great harm to patients’ mental and physical health. Patients with vegetative nerve dysfunction, especially cerebral nerve and vascular diseases, when their primary lesions are basically cured, some patients often have a series of somatic symptoms mainly insomnia, which is one of the important causes of intractable insomnia. The nerve block treatment of insomnia should firstly target the cause of insomnia for symptomatic treatment. Change the bad habits, strengthen physical exercise, reasonable diet, improve the living environment, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, etc.. On this basis, nerve block (stellate ganglion block and occipital nerve block) should be given to treat insomnia. The principle of nerve block for insomnia: after stellate ganglion block, sympathetic nerve can be blocked to make the blood vessels in its innervation area dilate, blood flow increase, sweating decrease and local body temperature increase. Because stellate ganglion block can directly lead to an increase in cerebral blood flow, it has the function of activating brain cells and reviving the body to maintain normal functions, especially on the hypothalamus, the highest center of the vegetative nervous system, which plays a positive two-way regulatory role, and can also have a significant effect on the secretion of pituitary hormones. Insomnia is mostly a clinical manifestation of the malfunction of the central nervous system, especially the central nerve of the brain induced by the stimulation of internal and external environmental changes. Activating brain function and regulating the vegetative nerve center should be the most basic and active method for treating insomnia. Nerve block therapy is more reasonable than simply applying sedative-hypnotic drugs to suppress the central nervous activity and put the patient in passive sleep. Occipital nerve block can increase the blood flow to the extracranial scalp part, and can fully relax the occipital and cervical muscles, reducing the effect of extracranial muscle tension factors on intracranial pressure. It also has a positive effect on improving blood circulation and increasing cerebral blood flow in the occipital and cervical regions. Commonly used block methods include: ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block plus large occipital nerve block (or small occipital nerve block).