Generally speaking, open-heart surgery for esophageal cancer has a wider surgical field, which can fully expose the lesion and is cleaner than minimally invasive surgery. Esophageal cancer is mainly treated by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among them, surgical treatment of esophageal cancer mainly includes minimally invasive method and open thoracic method, the former has smaller incision and faster recovery; the latter has wider surgical field and cleaner resection, and the choice of surgical method should be based on the size and position of the tumor, and whether there is metastasis of the cancer cells and other factors. Minimally invasive method mainly locates and resects the lesions through endoscopy. For esophageal cancers with small size, obvious growth location and no tumor invasion, they can be resected through this type of surgery. However, for larger esophageal cancer with poor growth location or metastatic cancer cells, it is generally more difficult to remove the lesion cleanly when treated with minimally invasive surgery, and open-heart surgery is often required. If symptoms related to esophageal cancer appear, one should consult a doctor for examination in time, and according to the specific conditions, specific treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.