Parkinson’s disease is a common degenerative disease of the nervous system that mainly affects middle-aged and elderly people. The current prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in people over the age of 50 in Europe and the United States is 1%. In China, there are approximately more than 2.5 million Parkinson’s disease patients among people over the age of 55. Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle and old age, with a peak incidence in people aged 50-60. It is characterized by slow movements, tremors in the arms and legs or other parts of the body, and a loss of flexibility and stiffness. The earliest systematic description of the disease was by the British physician James Parkinson. At that time, it was not known to which category of diseases the disease should be classified, and the disease was called “tremor palsy”. This name was also used in our old textbooks, and is still used by some non-specialists today. Later, more careful observation of the disease revealed that in addition to tremor, there were other symptoms such as muscle stiffness and smaller and smaller writing, but the strength of the muscles of the limbs was not impaired, and it was considered inappropriate to call the disease paralysis, so the disease was named “Parkinson’s disease. To date, the cause of primary Parkinson’s disease is still not fully understood, and is generally believed to be related to a combination of ageing, genetics and environmental factors. There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease and it is a chronic progressive disease. If left untreated, the survival period of patients is significantly shortened and the late stage is prone to complications such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections due to long-term bed rest. In addition, about a quarter of Parkinson’s patients suffer from depressive symptoms due to excessive worry about the disease. Although there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, he noted that effective treatment and active home care can slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients. Can Parkinson’s disease be prevented? The incidence of Parkinson’s disease is increasing in China. A survey of six cities in China in 1983 showed that the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease was 34.8 per 100,000. In 2001, the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Shanghai was reported to be 1.13% in people over 60 years of age. A well-known example is the famous literary master Ba Jin, who suffered from Parkinson’s disease in his later years. 1981, Ba Jin’s movements began to be slow, and in 1983, he was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. 20 years later, Ba Jin’s Parkinson’s disease was relatively well controlled. However, he still had difficulty speaking, trembling hands, difficulty writing, difficulty writing, and difficulty moving. The cause of primary Parkinson’s disease is still not fully understood, and is generally considered to be mainly related to a combination of ageing, genetics and environment; secondary Parkinson’s disease is mostly caused by encephalitis, cerebral arteriosclerosis or manganese and carbon monoxide poisoning. Certain medications can also cause Parkinson’s disease symptoms, but they usually go away when the medication is stopped. This also means that there is no major prevention method for Parkinson’s disease. However, it is now known that some neurotoxic substances can cause Parkinson’s-like symptoms, and some herbicides and pesticides associated with daily life can also increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Meanwhile, studies have shown that people who drink raw well water for a long time, or who have special occupations such as loggers, miners or smelters who are exposed to heavy metals (such as manganese), are also prone to Parkinson’s disease, and these people need to be alerted. How can Parkinson’s disease be detected early? As mentioned earlier, Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system that is characterized by slow movements, tremors in the hands, feet or other parts of the body, and a gradual loss of flexibility and stiffness. Because Parkinson’s disease starts slowly, the initial symptoms are often not easy to attract the attention of patients. In general, the tremor in Parkinson’s disease is resting tremor, in which the patient’s fingers tremble involuntarily at rest, and the tremor can be reduced or stopped by casual movement in the early stage; in the late stage, the tremor is not reduced or disappeared by casual movement. The tremor becomes more pronounced during emotional excitement, stress and anxiety. It is important to note that tremor is the most common and earliest symptom of Parkinson’s disease, but not all patients with tremor are necessarily Parkinson’s disease patients. For example, chorea, cerebellar disorders, hyperthyroidism, stress and anxiety, hypoglycemia, and overexertion may cause tremors. It is recommended that patients with prolonged tremors in the limbs or head go to a regular hospital and ask a physician to determine if the tremor is caused by Parkinson’s disease or some other cause, and if necessary, do some related tests. In addition, patients with Parkinson’s disease have other symptoms such as muscle rigidity, dull expression, slurred speech, and peculiar posture. Some patients may have special symptoms such as increased secretion of saliva and sebaceous glands, increased or decreased sweat secretion, difficulty in urinating and defecating, upright hypotension, pain, swelling of the lower limbs, and a few patients may have mental symptoms such as dementia or depression. How to better cooperate with the doctor’s treatment? There is no specific treatment for Parkinson’s disease, but treatment can be used to relieve symptoms and maintain a certain quality of life for patients. Doctors will usually provide targeted treatment, such as medication or surgery, depending on the patient’s specific situation. In addition to actively cooperating with the doctor’s medication, patients with Parkinson’s disease should also pay attention to some non-drug treatments on their own to effectively accelerate the progress of recovery. Maintain an optimistic mood Many patients are depressed, depressed and have a heavy psychological burden after confirming that they have Parkinson’s disease, which in turn aggravates the development of the disease. In fact, early Parkinson’s disease patients are not necessarily eager to use drugs to improve symptoms, and not just wait for the disease to worsen, stay at home all day in fear. Huang Liuqing said that the patient’s family should actively encourage the patient to stay optimistic in the early stages of the disease, insist on continuing to work, to ensure a certain amount of exercise, can slow down the development of the disease. Insist on physical exercise Exercise is important for patients with early Parkinson’s disease and can help improve their health and mood. Effective exercise can improve the patient’s mobility and balance and improve the quality of life. Aerobic exercise, strength training, and limb traction are all beneficial for Parkinson’s disease. For example, walking a certain distance every day, swimming and ball games can also play a good role in exercising the affected limbs; patients who cannot go outside should try to do some limb stretching activities indoors, by practicing simple movements (touching typing keys) to complex movements (turning on taps, door handles, dressing, etc.). In addition, patients often experience language difficulties due to the presence of tonicity and slow movement of the articulatory muscles in the throat, so language training is also necessary for patients. Patients with Parkinson’s disease in the middle and late stages have a reduced ability to care for themselves. It is recommended that family members help patients with massage and physical therapy to relax their muscles and encourage them to complete daily tasks such as grooming, dressing, eating and walking independently. Nutrition should be comprehensive Nutrition plays a very important role in the health status of Parkinson’s disease patients. As constipation is very common in Parkinson’s disease patients, it is recommended to improve the fiber content of the diet, eat more cereals and fruits and vegetables, consume milk and legumes regularly and in appropriate amounts, eat limited meat, try not to eat fatty meat, meat and oil and animal offal, ensure sufficient water, and make appropriate dietary adjustments as the condition changes. Create a convenient and safe living environment When caring for patients, attention should be paid to preventing accidents such as falls, paying attention to the arrangement of living facilities, home layout should be convenient and reasonable to reduce obstacles; bathroom is a very dangerous place for patients with poor balance, it is recommended to lay a layer of non-slip mats, safety handrails can be set at the bathtub, and family members are recommended to look after them when bathing. Patients are not recommended to wear slippers that are easy to fall off at home to prevent tripping. Patients need to pay attention to the stairs to hold the handle and watch the steps. Avoid going to crowded public places and remember safety first. Patients who are bedridden should be turned regularly, help them urinate and defecate regularly, and take good care of their skin to prevent the occurrence of bed sores. Passive movement of limbs and strengthening muscle and joint massage are meaningful to prevent and delay complications of bone and joint. Pay attention to safety when feeding patients to prevent accidental attraction of pulmonary infections. Overall, creating a convenient and safe living environment is beneficial for patients to improve their quality of life