China’s hypertension prevention and treatment guidelines suggest that the prevalence of hypertension in China’s population is still on the rise, and the knowledge, treatment and control rates (crude rates) of hypertensive patients have improved significantly in recent years, but the overall rate is still at a relatively low level, amounting to 51.5%, 46.1%, and 16.9%, respectively, with high-sodium and low-kalorie diets, overweight, and obesity being the important hypertensive risk factors for China’s population, and an increase in the number of passive Smoking is an important factor affecting the cardiovascular prognosis of hypertensive patients. It is easy to see from the hypertension guidelines that the controllable risk factors for hypertension are mainly high sodium, low potassium diet, overweight and obesity, smoking, and of course exercise, psychological factors, and alcohol consumption. High-sodium, low-potassium diet, here have to say a type of hypertension called “salt-sensitive hypertension”, meaning that this type of hypertension patients are very sensitive to salt (sodium chloride), high salt diet will make their blood pressure increased significantly, and strict restriction of salt intake, blood pressure will drop. Especially in the northern part of China, the average amount of salt consumed by the population is about 12g/day, and such a high salt diet will promote elevated blood pressure. The World Health Organization recommends that the amount of salt in the general population should be less than 6g per day, and the current recommendation for hypertensive patients is less than 5g of salt per day, and the less the better. Low-potassium diet will also promote high blood pressure, the most important reason is that potassium can promote the discharge of sodium through the urine, usually eat more potassium-containing fruits and vegetables, such as bananas, oranges, apples, potatoes, spinach, tomatoes, etc., a variety of legumes, milk, marine fish and lean meat contain more potassium. Overweight and obesity, here to teach you how to judge whether you are overweight and obese, you need to count your body mass index-BMI, BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height ^ 2 (m), for example, you weigh 70 kilograms, height 1.65m, that is 70 ÷ (1.65 * 1.65) = 25.7. general adult BMI range is: too light: below 18.5; normal: 18.5-23.9; overweight: 24-27; obese: 28-32; very obese: higher than 32. If you are overweight, please lose weight as soon as possible to reduce your weight to the normal level. Meanwhile, overweight is closely related to hyperlipidemia. China’s hypertension guideline reduces the level of total cholesterol ≥5.7mmol/L to ≥5.2mmol/L in dyslipidemia, indicating that its control of blood lipids is more stringent, and we suggest that adults should monitor their blood lipid levels annually and intervene for abnormalities in a timely manner. Eat less food with high fat content, such as animal offal, meat with high fat content (pork, mutton, etc.), fried food and so on. Exercise, exercise more than life, the current recommended exercise therapy for at least 3-5 times a week exercise, each lasting more than half an hour, to jogging, fast walking, swimming, ball games, etc., and at least 1 time a week muscle exercise. Because it is hypertensive patients, exercise should pay attention to timely monitoring of the heart rate, to avoid excessive heart rate, first of all, pay attention to avoid exceeding the maximum heart rate: men’s maximum heart rate = 205 – age. Women’s maximum heart rate = 220 – age. The effective heart rate range of exercise, for ordinary exercisers, 60% to 85% of the maximum heart rate is appropriate and effective range of exercise heart rate, generally through the 170-age to control the intensity of exercise. Pay attention to warm up before exercise to avoid injury, pay attention to the weather and road conditions. Smoking, drinking, not much to say here, the cigarette must be strictly quit, smoking damage to the endothelium of the blood vessels beyond imagination, hypertension combined with a history of smoking patients with atherosclerosis is higher than the same type of non-smoking patients. Limiting alcohol consumption means that men should drink less than 750ml of beer and less than 50g of 52° white wine per day; women should drink less than 450ml of beer and less than 30g of 52° white wine per day; limiting alcohol consumption is only the recommended amount, and it is better not to drink alcohol to be responsible for your health. Psychological factors and the improvement of living habits, the current pace of life is getting faster and faster, the pressure of life is getting bigger and bigger, psychological pressure on blood pressure is also getting heavier and heavier, psychological pressure is mainly manifested in the sympathetic nerve excitation, resulting in peripheral vascular contraction, blood pressure, followed by staying up too late to produce a similar effect. This situation is mainly manifested in young people, many young people measured blood pressure is generally not particularly high, most of the systolic blood pressure is less than 160mmHg, ask the medical history will find that their common characteristics are high stress, poor sleep, stay up all night, after psychological relaxation, regular sleep, exercise, and other lifestyle changes, the blood pressure can slowly return to normal. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as anger and sedentary behavior, are also factors that can cause hypertension. The above key risk factors that can lead to high blood pressure should be taken care of in life. Patients who already have high blood pressure can improve their lifestyle to help lower their blood pressure, and some of them can even lower their blood pressure to normal without the use of medication. Normal people who do not have high blood pressure should also improve their lifestyle habits to prevent high blood pressure. Of course, the above is the prevention of high blood pressure and auxiliary treatment measures, if after improving the lifestyle still failed to reduce blood pressure to the normal target value or has been diagnosed with high blood pressure, the doctor recommended medication patients, or to oral medication to lower blood pressure.