Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease of the intestines of unknown etiology, and patients with moderate or greater severity are usually treated with medications if there are no complications. Inflammatory bowel disease includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of bowel movements, blood sedimentation, pulse rate, presence of fever, and anemia. Drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease above moderate level includes the following: 1. aminosalicylic acid preparations: commonly used are mesalazine and salazosulfapyridine, which are the main drugs for the treatment of UC and have less therapeutic effect on CD. 2. Glucocorticosteroids: mainly used to treat acutely active patients with moderate to severe disease, commonly used oral prednisone. Glucocorticoid treatment is preferred for patients with moderate or above Crohn’s disease, and immunosuppressant treatment is applied if the hormone is ineffective or hormone-dependent. 3. Immunomodulators: applicable to hormone dependence or ineffective and hormone-induced remission after maintenance therapy, commonly used azathioprine, methotrexate. 4. Biological agents: mainly applied to those who are ineffective or cannot tolerate hormone and immunomodulator treatment; commonly used infliximab. 5. Other symptomatic treatment: such as the combination of infection, intestinal flora dysbiosis and other complications, to be anti-inflammatory, regulating gastrointestinal function and other treatments. The common complications of CD are toxic megacolon, carcinoma, colonic bleeding, etc. The common complications of UC are intestinal obstruction, acute intestinal perforation and abdominal abscess. For patients with complications, surgical treatment is needed according to the patient’s own condition. For patients with inflammatory bowel disease, they need to seek timely medical treatment and actively cooperate with the doctor’s treatment plan to avoid serious complications.