Mild compression fracture of thoracic 12 vertebra can be fixed with a brace or bed rest if the angle of kyphosis is less than 30°; if the kyphosis is more than 30°, then surgical restoration and fixation is required. The thoracic 12 vertebra is located in the stress junction area of the thoracolumbar vertebral body, and when a fracture occurs, it is usually necessary to treat according to the degree of fracture. For mild compression fractures of the thoracic 12 vertebrae, the treatment plan can be selected according to the degree of kyphosis because the middle and posterior columns of the spine are intact. For mild compression fracture with posterior convexity <30°, the treatment plan is mainly conservative, such as external fixation, bed rest, and functional exercises for the low back muscles according to the results of the follow-up examination at a later stage. When the mild compression fracture with kyphosis angle >30°, the treatment plan is mainly surgical, such as percutaneous posterior thoracic 12 screw internal fixation, posterior incision of thoracic 12 vertebral body repositioning pedicle screw internal fixation, and decompression and fusion internal fixation is also needed for severe kyphosis angle with spinal cord injury. For mild compression fracture of the thoracic 12 vertebrae, it is recommended to consult the hospital as soon as possible and receive appropriate treatment according to the fracture-related conditions.