Stomach acid is hydrochloric acid secreted by the mucous membrane cells of the stomach wall in gastric juice, which not only promotes the absorption of food but also kills the bacteria that enter the stomach with food. However, some people secrete too much stomach acid, resulting in acid reflux, nausea and other uncomfortable symptoms, and serious cases require medication, including drugs that inhibit stomach acid secretion and alkaline antacids. The main mechanism of action is to competitively antagonize H2 receptors and inhibit the secretion of gastric acid caused by histamine, pentagastrin and M agonists; the representative drugs of proton pump inhibitors are omeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole. The representative drugs of proton pump inhibitors are omeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole, which can reduce gastric acid secretion by inhibiting H+ secretion from the upper lining cells of gastric mucosa; M-cholinergic receptor blockers are atropine and pirenzepine, which inhibit gastric acid secretion by blocking M1 cholinergic receptors in gastric lining cells; gastrin receptor blockers are representative drugs of proglutamine, which competitively block gastrin receptors and inhibit gastric acid secretion. Alkaline antacids can be divided into absorbable antacids and non-absorbable antacids according to their efficacy. Common drugs include sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide, which can react with hydrochloric acid in gastric juice after oral administration to produce other substances that are not harmful to gastric mucosa. However, antacid drugs have a short duration of action and need to be taken several times a day, while paying attention to the side effects of such drugs. In summary, the treatment of stomach acid should start from the inhibition of gastric acid secretion and protection of gastric mucosa, and can be taken in combination if necessary, but we should pay attention to the contraindications and indications of each drug, and should not be taken blindly.