Chickenpox is the manifestation of the body’s initial infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the common pathogen of chickenpox and herpes zoster, the primary infection manifests as chickenpox, and the reactivation of the virus latent in nerve cells causes infection manifested as herpes zoster. The human body is mainly infected with VZV through the respiratory tract, and the process of varicella occurs mainly when the virus enters the upper respiratory tract, replicates locally and enters the bloodstream (i.e., the initial viremia), increases in value in reticuloendothelial cells (i.e., the second viremia), and causes cellular vacuolated degeneration (blister formation) after spreading to epidermal keratinocytes and mucosal epithelial cells. Chickenpox is mainly seen in children, the main manifestation is the initial macular rash, gradually evolved into papules, blisters, pustules, etc., may be accompanied by fever, headache and other symptoms, and in severe cases, may be manifested as pneumonia, encephalitis and so on. Chickenpox patients should seek timely medical attention.