Patients with esophageal cancer are easy to have lung infection after surgery due to low physical function and coughing due to pain, which can easily develop into serious diseases such as lung abscess and sepsis, or even life-threatening if they do not receive timely and effective care. The care of lung infection should be noted as follows: I. Preoperative care 1. Psychological care. The patient has progressive dysphagia, is increasingly wasting, has poor tolerance for surgery, lacks confidence in treatment, and also has a certain degree of fear of surgery. Therefore, the patient should be explained, comforted and encouraged for his psychological state, and a fully trusting nurse-patient relationship should be established to make the patient realize that surgery is a thorough treatment method and make him happy to accept the surgery. 2. Supervise the patient’s preparation of the airway. This includes practicing deep abdominal breathing and effective coughing, quitting smoking, and applying antibiotics to control pre-existing lung infections. In addition, to prevent aspiration lung infection after surgery, patients should fast for 12 hours and water for 6 hours before surgery. Second, postoperative care 1, the patient should be allowed to remove the pillow after surgery, keep lying flat and head to the side, to aspirate the secretions in the mouth in time to prevent the vomit from being inhaled into the lungs. 2. Patients should be encouraged to cough regularly, breathe deeply, and help patients turn over and buckle their backs to assist in discharging secretions in the respiratory tract. For patients who are in severe pain and dare not cough, family members should help expel sputum. Patients can also be placed in a semi-sitting position to allow the diaphragm to descend and facilitate drainage and breathing. Instruct the patient to breathe deeply and make an effective cough, and press the chest incision with your hand when coughing to relieve pain. If the patient’s sputum is sticky, do nebulized inhalation. 3.Improve the immunity of the organism: adequate nutritional support is the key to improve the immunity of patients after esophageal cancer surgery. Since esophageal cancer is strictly fasted after surgery, in order to maintain the needs of the patient’s organism, appropriate intravenous and enteral nutritional support should be given, which can effectively enhance the mechanical and immune barrier function of the intestine, prevent the displacement of bacteria and toxins, promote the recovery of the patient’s immune function, and also effectively reduce the incidence of lung infection after esophageal cancer surgery. It can also effectively reduce the incidence of post-operative pulmonary infection. Family members should pay more attention to the changes of patients’ conditions, especially the vital signs and respiratory system symptoms, and if abnormalities are found, timely measures should be taken to control them, and serious cases should be sent to hospital immediately. Commonly used treatment measures include oxygen, nebulized inhalation, appropriate application of expectorants and antibiotics, etc. The above is the introduction of care methods for lung infection caused by esophageal cancer. I hope that patients and friends must follow the above measures strictly before and after the surgery to avoid lung infection and aggravation of the disease.