Small mandibular deformity can cause difficulty in tracheal intubation. 1. Small mandibular deformity refers to the lack of height of the ascending mandibular branch and the shortness of the horizontal part of the mandible caused by congenital or acquired factors, and it is commonly found in patients with mandibular hypoplasia, hemifacial short deformity or trauma. Patients with small mandibular deformity have a small volume of oropharyngeal cavity and relatively hypertrophied tongue, which is usually accompanied by snoring, and even sleep apnea syndrome, thus leading to difficulties in tracheal intubation, as well as difficulties in face mask ventilation. 2. Small mandibular malformation patients have abnormal airway anatomy and are also high-risk groups for difficult airway, so airway management has become a major difficulty in anesthesia management of small mandibular malformation patients. Adequate preoperative airway assessment and selection of appropriate tracheal intubation methods can reduce the risk of difficult intubation, and to a certain extent protect the perioperative life safety of patients with small mandibular malformations. Although small mandibular deformity can cause certain tracheal intubation difficulties, there are certain medical safeguards for the perioperative life safety of patients with small mandibular deformity, so the patients do not need to worry and should actively cooperate with the doctor’s treatment.