Thyroid puncture refers to the technique of using fine or coarse needles to puncture the thyroid gland for cytologic examination, and currently the more commonly used technique is fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland. As a minimally invasive diagnostic technique, thyroid puncture cytology has many advantages such as safety, low trauma, reproducibility, etc., and is of great value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound-guided puncture helps to improve the success rate of puncture. The patient is usually placed in a supine position, with the shoulders and neck elevated and the head tilted to the opposite side to expose the puncture site. After sterilizing the puncture site, a syringe with a puncture needle is quickly inserted into the nodule through the skin under ultrasound guidance, and the needle tip is determined to be in the ideal position to aspirate the thyroid nodule tissue. Patients are advised to go to regular hospitals for timely examination according to their symptoms to avoid delaying the condition and causing serious consequences.