Gynecological procedures that can be performed laparoscopically

  Laparoscopic surgery will become the trend in the future because of the small wounds, less blood loss, faster recovery and significantly shorter hospital stays, given the high cost of medical care and the increasing cost of hospitalization. However, laparoscopic surgery is not completely free of limitations and disadvantages. If the tumor is so large that it obscures or obstructs the laparoscopic view, or if there are strong adhesions, it is not suitable for laparoscopic surgery. In addition, laparoscopic surgery requires general anesthesia because the abdomen must be inflated to facilitate the procedure, so patients with poor cardiopulmonary function who are not suitable for general anesthesia cannot undergo this procedure. Because of the economic incentives to reduce medical costs, the patient’s preference (small wounds, fast recovery), and the introduction of new instruments, a variety of gynecologic procedures can be performed laparoscopically. For example: 1) tubal surgery 1) tubal ligation contraceptive surgery: this is the first laparoscopic surgery to be performed. We can use electric fever, clips or plastic rings to cut off the tubal ligation and achieve the purpose of contraception.  (2) Treatment of ectopic pregnancy: due to ultrasound and β-HCG lateralization, laparoscopic diagnosis and surgical treatment of early ectopic pregnancy has become the main treatment modality.  (3) Tubal plastic surgery: This is mainly for cases of infertility caused by tubal obstruction, and we can perform laparoscopic detachment of tubal and ovarian adhesions, tubal umbilical plastic surgery and tubal ostomy.  (2) Ovarian surgery 1) Treatment of ovarian tumors: there are various ways to remove the cyst, extract the contents, electrocautery, or remove the whole ovary.  (2) Treatment of polycystic ovaries: At present, the first line of treatment for this condition is still drug-based. However, when drug therapy is not effective, laparoscopic surgery can be considered to perform ovarian drilling.  (3) Removal of tubo-ovarian abscesses: laparoscopic surgery to remove tubo-ovarian abscesses is more complete than the traditional open treatment.  3.Surgery of the uterus 1).Hysterectomy: Since the abdomen is not opened, the patient has less blood loss, quick exhaustion and rapid recovery. Laparoscopic assisted transvaginal total hysterectomy has gradually become popular in recent years and has gradually replaced part of the traditional transabdominal total hysterectomy.  (2), uterine fibroid removal: uterine fibroids are mostly benign, only a very small number of them can become malignant, and the uterus is a unique sexual characteristic of women. Minimally invasive laparoscopy can be said to be a blessing for unmarried and infertile people.  4.Other gynecological surgeries Besides the above-mentioned common surgeries, the application of laparoscopy in obstetrics and gynecology also includes the treatment of endometriosis, stress urinary incontinence, treatment of severe menstrual pain and pelvic lymphatic resection of gynecological cancer.  Because of the advantages of minimally invasive laparoscopy, which does not require opening the abdomen, quick recovery after surgery, reduction of hospitalization days, and reduction of medical costs, laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery has become one of the mainstream surgical procedures.