Overweight and obesity can cause a range of health, social and psychological problems. Obesity is an important risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM), and among all types of DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients account for about 90%, with an average body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2. 2002 data from the “China Population Nutrition and Health Survey” showed that the overweight rate of adults in China is 22.8% and the obesity rate is 7.1%. The overweight rate and obesity rate in China are 22.8% and 7.1%, and the estimated numbers are 200 million and 60 million respectively. The overweight rate and obesity rate of adults in large cities are as high as 30.0% and 12.3% respectively, and the obesity rate of children has reached 8.1%. In recent years, there is a lack of nationwide obesity survey data, but regional epidemiological survey data show that adult obesity is gradually increasing. On the whole, the development stage of overweight and obesity epidemic in China is slightly later than that of developed countries in Europe and America. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) overweight and obesity classification standards to measure, China’s adult overweight and obesity ratio is 8:1, while the ratio in Europe and the United States has reached 2:1 or even close to 1:1. This means that the incidence of obesity in China is potentially very dangerous to rise. And Asian patients are mostly characterized by “centripetal” obesity, with excessive accumulation of fat mainly in the abdominal wall and abdominal cavity, which has a great impact on metabolism. “Centripetal” obesity is an important risk factor for many chronic diseases. Obesity is thought to be the result of an interaction of multiple factors, including genetic and environmental factors. Fat accumulation is a consequence of energy intake exceeding energy expenditure, but the cause of this disturbance in energy balance has not yet been elucidated. Obesity treatment consists mainly of measures to reduce and maintain body weight and treatment of concomitant diseases and complications. Specific treatment measures to improve weight include medical nutrition therapy, physical activity, cognitive-behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. Medical nutrition therapy, physical activity and cognitive-behavioral therapy are the basis of obesity management and are also the treatment measures throughout. More than 100 million people in China currently have diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes among Chinese adults rose from 0.9% in 1980 to 11.6% in 2010, reaffirming that China may have become the country with the largest number of people with diabetes in the world, and up to 50.1% of the pre-diabetic population. Only 30.1% of people with diabetes were previously diagnosed, only 25.8% were treated, and only 39.7% of treated patients had their diabetes under control. This shows that China has a large base of diabetic patients, a far less widespread diagnosis and treatment, and a very low remission rate. Even this health care situation has placed a huge economic burden on China, with national health care spending on diabetes increasing from 1.96% of total spending in 1983 to 18.2% in 2007, amounting to RMB 200 billion and projected to reach RMB 360 billion in 2030. If we do not take measures to prevent the transformation of pre-diabetes into diabetes, the number of people with diabetes in China will further increase, which will undoubtedly add to the already overburdened healthcare system in China. If the diagnosed patients are not well treated and managed, the heavy mental and economic burden of diabetes complications on individuals, families and the country will seriously affect the healthy development of our society and economy. The rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes is inextricably linked to the rapid economic development of China. And it varies from region to region in China. Using the 2009 GDP per capita as a reference, epidemiological data for 2010 shows that the prevalence rate in economically developed regions is 14.3%, while in underdeveloped regions it is 9.9%. But it is the unhealthy diet and lifestyle that is the primary factor in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in China. The increase in culture and education and the increase in investment in health care have not kept pace with the rapid economic development, making health education not popular enough, public health awareness lacking, and self-care awareness insufficient, making it easy to develop an unhealthy diet and lifestyle. For example, increased intake of meat, fat, sugary drinks, carbohydrate-based diet high in salt, reduced physical activity due to car use, infections, smoking and alcohol abuse. Some researchers have also pointed out that these conditions are more prominent in people with high income and low education levels. Economic development has also brought about environmental pollution that poses a public health risk, some of which, such as Bisphenol A, has been shown to be associated with the development of diabetes. In addition, long working hours, reduced sleep, job changes, and increased mental stress are also issues that increase the incidence of diabetes and cannot be ignored. When obesity levels are the same, Asians are at increased risk for diabetes. Compared to whites, the risk ratio for diabetes in Asians is 1.6 after adjusting for sex, age, and BMI. The prevalence and incidence of diabetes in Chinese in developed countries and regions is higher than in whites, which also supports the idea that Chinese are a susceptible population for diabetes. Although Asian diabetics do not have a higher BMI than those in Europe and the United States, low beta-cell function, large waist circumference, and high insulin resistance are more prominent. Compared to Caucasians who are susceptible to coronary heart disease, Asian diabetics are more likely to develop chronic kidney disease, stroke and tumors. A study in Hong Kong showed that stroke and renal failure were the leading causes of death in diabetic patients in the 1990s, declining as medical care improved and effective drugs were used to control stroke, and after 2000, coronary heart disease became a common problem due to westernized lifestyles. Again, the development of interventional and dialysis treatments led to improved patient survival, and by 2007 cancer was the leading cause of death in Hong Kong for patients with diabetes, followed by cardiovascular disease and renal failure. In China, it is well established that diabetes can increase the risk of various cancers in patients, especially breast, endometrial and thyroid cancers in women. The average life expectancy of the Chinese population has increased from 68 to 73 years over the past 30 years, and the prevalence of diabetes increases by 68% for every 10-year increase in age, so the aging of the population is also one of the reasons for the increased prevalence of diabetes in China. However, it is also important to note that the prevalence of diabetes in young and middle-aged people is increasing rapidly due to the westernization of lifestyle and the increase in childhood obesity. Data show that patients diagnosed with diabetes before the age of 40 have an exponentially increased risk of developing related complications, and that complications may appear earlier due to the lack of attention to early symptoms, lack of treatment, poor medication adherence, and low achievement of treatment goals. The seventh committee of the Chinese Medical Association’s Division of Diabetes has once again organized national experts to revise the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2013 edition). The timely revision and promotion of diabetes prevention and treatment guidelines are important for guiding healthcare professionals and primary care providers to improve the detection, management and control rates of diabetes patients, prevent complications, and formulate corresponding health service policies. Due to the limitation of public health resources, prevention of diabetes should be a priority strategy for high-risk groups, and targeted screening should be conducted according to the degree of diabetes risk. 2013 edition of the guidelines first proposed a Chinese diabetes risk scale, and those with a total score ≥ 25 should be screened with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Drug safety, efficacy and cost remain key factors to consider when choosing a treatment, with drugs that have been on the market for a long time and have been proven to have good safety and efficacy in large clinical trials and other evidence-based medicine being prioritized. In addition to metformin, which is the same first-line treatment as in Western countries, the Chinese diabetes guidelines recommend a choice of first-line agents including insulinotropic agents and alpha glucosidase inhibitors, with evidence that the latter is particularly suitable for Chinese patients. In contrast to European and American guidelines, Chinese guidelines recommend short-term (2 weeks to 3 months) intensive insulin therapy for patients with severe hyperglycemia at diagnosis, with the aim of preserving beta-cell function. Clinical evidence shows that surgical treatment of weight loss significantly improves glycemic control in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and may even result in “remission” of diabetes in some patients. In 2009, the ADA formally included bariatric surgery as a treatment for obesity with type 2 diabetes in its guidelines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and in 2011, the IDF issued a position statement formally recognizing bariatric surgery as a treatment for type 2 diabetes with obesity. In 2011, the CDS and the Chinese Society for Surgery also reached a consensus on bariatric surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, recognizing bariatric surgery as a treatment for type 2 diabetes with obesity and encouraging medical-surgical cooperation in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes who undergo bariatric surgery. The Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2013 edition) classify the indications for bariatric treatment as optional (BMI ≥32 kg/m2 with or without comorbid type 2 diabetes), cautious (BMI 28-32 kg/m2 with type 2 diabetes, especially in the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors), and not recommended at this time (BMI 25-28 kg/m2 with type 2 diabetes. if combined with type 2 diabetes and with centripetal obesity and at least 2 of the following metabolic syndrome components: high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and hypertension), where the provisional not recommendation applies only to clinical studies. The Committee of Obesity and Diabetes Surgeons of the Chinese Physicians Association Branch of Surgeons also officially released the “Guidelines for the Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in China (2014)” to regulate the application of weight loss surgical modalities for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as T2DM and to promote its healthy and orderly development.