Renal cystic lesions suggest the possible presence of renal cysts. Renal cysts are generally referred to as simple renal cysts. The etiology and pathogenesis of simple renal cysts have not been fully elucidated, and it is currently believed to be acquired. Generally, most patients with renal cysts do not have obvious symptoms, only when the renal cysts increase in size and compress the local renal tissues will there be symptoms such as lower back pain, hematuria, etc., which need surgical treatment. If the renal cyst is located at the renal hilum and compresses the renal artery, it may cause an increase in plasma renin, which may lead to hypertension, or cause renal calyx obstruction secondary to infection. If the renal cyst is located at the lower pole of the kidney, it may also cause obstruction of the renal pelvis and ureter, which may cause infection or even lead to hydronephrosis; anti-infection, puncture and drainage or surgical treatment is needed. Simple renal cysts generally do not require treatment, and regular review is sufficient. If patients have kidney cysts, they should go to the hospital as soon as possible, and follow the doctor’s instructions to standardize the treatment, not self-medication, so as to avoid the development of the disease, resulting in adverse consequences.