Reye syndrome is a group of syndromes characterized by cerebral edema and liver dysfunction caused by fatty infiltration of the organs, also known as encephalopathy combined with visceral steatosis syndrome. It occurs mostly in young children or children aged 6 months to 15 years, with a mean age of 6 years, and rarely in adults. 1. Diagnosis Based on the history of mild upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in children before the disease, followed by progressively increasing psychoneurological symptoms, liver signs and hypoglycemia, this disease should be considered. The etiology of the disease is unknown, but it is mostly thought to be related to viral infections, such as influenza virus, coxsackie virus, herpes virus, EBV, etc. It may also be related to aflatoxin, salicylic acid agents or environmental genetic factors. The structural and metabolic abnormalities of mitochondria after viral infection leading to a series of biochemical changes are the main basis for liver and brain lesions. The main pathological changes are predominantly in the brain and liver, where large amounts of fatty deposits are seen, filled with fat droplets in the cytoplasm, and mitochondria are observed to be swollen with polymorphic changes under electron microscopy, with disappearance of the inner cristae, stretching of the matrix in small strips, coarsening of the granules, and reduction of glycogen. In addition, fatty infiltration was also observed in organs such as renal tubules, myocardium, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, lung, spleen and lymph nodes. 3.Side effects of several antipyretic drugs in the antipyretic treatment of common diseases (1) Salicylic acid preparations: In principle, fever of viral infection cannot be excluded, and salicylic acid preparations are used sparingly because of the possibility of its inducing the occurrence of Reye’s syndrome. In fact, the incidence is very low, so the clinical application in large quantities has not increased the occurrence of Reye’s syndrome. (2) Paracetamol: by the possibility of causing renal papillary necrosis, the clinical practice of medicine will not see decades. (3) Ibuprofen: there are side effects of nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis or renal failure, which are practically almost invisible. Therefore, each drug has its risks, but the odds are that they are only taken with a grain of salt and will not be used absolutely. Salicylic acid preparations for fever reduction in chickenpox its increased risk of developing Reye’s syndrome is not seen to be significantly higher than the risk of viral epizootic. However, the fever of chickenpox should not be too aggressive, because its fever when the inevitable stage of the disease process, not too high fever does not need to be too anxious to reduce fever. 4, chickenpox antipyretic agent selection: since it is the exact viral infection, from the perspective of evidence-based medicine try not to choose salicylic acid preparations, is the basic principle of doctors to protect themselves from unnecessary trouble (of course, the fact that you use tens of thousands of cases is unlikely to appear a case of Richter’s syndrome).