Routine blood tests are simple, quick and easy to perform, and can help doctors quickly understand the basic changes in a patient’s blood and provide useful clues to further determine the disease. The following is a brief introduction to the main items and significance of the routine blood test to help you understand the routine blood test.
Routine blood tests include many items, but the main three items are hemoglobin measurement, white blood cell count and classification, and platelet count. To read the routine blood test, focus on the following aspects.
I. Hemoglobin (Hb).
Hemoglobin is a protein involved in oxygen transport in red blood cells, and iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 are important raw materials for its synthesis. Normal male is (120-160) g/L and female is (110-150) g/L.
Hemoglobin below normal levels is called anemia and can be seen in a variety of diseases.
Iron deficiency anemia caused by insufficient raw materials for hematopoiesis, and malnutrition anemia.
2, bone marrow hematopoietic failure such as aplastic anemia.
3, excessive loss of red blood cells due to various acute and chronic blood loss such as severe trauma blood loss, bleeding from ulcer disease, excessive menstruation, bleeding from hemorrhoids or anal fissures.
4, various kinds of hemolytic anemia caused by excessive destruction of red blood cells.
5.Malignant tumor cells invade the bone marrow, such as various leukemias, myeloma, bone marrow metastatic cancer, etc.
Increased hemoglobin is commonly seen in: true erythrocytosis, vomiting, diarrhea and other severe dehydration, severe burns, heavy and long-term smoking, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease, congenital heart disease, certain kidney diseases, residents of high mountain areas, etc.
B. White blood cell count (WBC) and classification
The white blood cells in the blood are commonly called “white blood cells”, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes.
Leukopenia is commonly caused by
(1) Viral infections. Such as measles, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, viral hepatitis, viral colds, etc.
② Certain bacterial and protozoal infections. Such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, malaria, black fever, and serious infections such as cornual tuberculosis, severe sepsis, etc.
③Hematological diseases such as aplastic anemia, leukocytosis without hyperplasia leukemia, acute granulocyte deficiency, malignant histiocytosis, etc.
④ Certain drugs and chemical reagents and radiation effects, such as sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, antitumor drugs, cosmetics, substandard decoration materials, etc.
Leukocytosis is commonly caused by.
① systemic or local infections, such as lobar pneumonia, acute tonsillitis, epidemic encephalomyelitis, dengue, acute appendicitis, diphtheria, etc.
②Significant leukocyte elevation should alert the possibility of leukemia.
③Some tumors can cause leukocyte elevation.
④Trauma or tissue necrosis, such as large burns, etc.
Lymphocytosis is commonly seen in tuberculosis, viral infections, whooping cough, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, etc. In neutropenia, the lymphocyte percentage will be relatively elevated. Eosinophilia is common in allergic diseases, such as bronchial asthma, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, intestinal parasitosis, etc.; certain leukemias may also be accompanied by elevated eosinophils.
Platelet count (PLT)
The normal range of PLT is (100~300)×109/L. The main function of platelets is to participate in hemostasis and coagulation of the body. A high platelet count puts the blood in a hypercoagulable state and makes it prone to blood clots, while a low count makes it prone to bleeding such as epistaxis, bleeding gums, bleeding spots or petechiae on the skin.
Elevated platelets are commonly found in blood diseases such as primary thrombocytosis, true erythrocytosis, chronic granulocytic leukemia, etc. Some infections, malignant tumors, iron deficiency anemia, post-splenectomy, and post-exercise can also have increased platelets.
Thrombocytopenia is common in: primary thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, hypersplenism, diffuse intravascular coagulation, due to certain drugs and reduced platelet production such as aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, malignant tumor bone marrow metastasis, etc.
The routine blood test is a common clinical test, and there are many items in the report form, so when reading the report form, you should not look at one item in isolation, but must analyze all the test results together, and the doctor will also make further treatment according to your clinical symptoms and physical examination.