In autumn, the climate is pleasant, people’s appetite, however, this is not a good thing for diabetic patients, although the autumn high, but the temperature difference between morning and evening is big, easy to cause a variety of diseases and complications of diabetes. Dietary changes often make the blood sugar is not good control, the instability of the temperature will stimulate the body’s sympathetic nerves, prompting the body to increase the secretion of catecholamines, resulting in diabetic blood sugar fluctuations and elevated blood pressure. In addition, the dry climate of the fall is here, the cold winter is not far away from us, in the face of “autumn dry winter cold”, diabetic patients should pay attention to the following points: Wuhan Union Medical College Hospital Endocrinology Chen LuLu “prudent diet” As the saying goes, “a summer is not sick three points of deficiency”, “the summer is a good time to take care of the diabetic patients. Autumn is a season of tonic, not only can make up for the excessive consumption of summer, but also can nourish the body to resist the winter cold. But blind tonic plus a variety of fall fruits on the market, so that many diabetic patients can hardly resist the “temptation”, so also brought about by irregular diet caused by the blood sugar “jumping up and down”. Therefore, it is recommended that diabetic patients must control the total calories in the diet, in the blood sugar control on the basis of good, between meals to eat a small amount of lower sugar content of fruits, such as kiwi, persimmons, etc., and remember to taste, do not eat greed. In winter, due to the significant reduction in activity, as well as the cold stimulus, diabetic patients’ blood sugar generally rise, the Spring Festival is more acute complications of diabetes hyperglycemic crisis of the good time. On the other hand, after the fall, the night is long and the day is short, if the dinner or late can not maintain the energy needed throughout the night, it is easy to occur at night hypoglycemia, so diabetic patients if the dinner eating less, or the night activity is large, you can drink some milk or a small amount of additional meals before bed. “Autumn is a good time to exercise, appropriate exercise can enhance the body’s ability to withstand cold and improve resistance to disease, especially important for diabetic patients. Proper exercise can help patients control their weight and benefit the treatment of diabetes. Exercise helps control and stabilize blood glucose by reducing weight, improving insulin sensitivity, and improving lipid metabolism. Therefore, diabetic patients can choose exercise programs according to their age, health condition and personal preference. They should try to choose the soothing type of aerobic exercise and pay attention to the regularity and quantity, step by step. It is best to choose simple, convenient, and conducive to long-term adherence to the project, such as walking, gymnastics, jogging, tai chi and so on. The intensity of exercise should also vary from person to person. You should insist on exercising once a day for 30 minutes to 60 minutes. It is best to start exercising about 30 minutes after meals, especially after breakfast is the best time to exercise, when the blood sugar is the highest in a day. It should be reminded that diabetic patients should try to avoid prolonged large exercise, to avoid a lot of sweating, beware of colds; morning exercise before you must eat, otherwise easy to hypoglycemia; elderly patients are best accompanied by someone to prevent hypoglycemia occurs. “Resist dryness and cold” Autumn wind and rain less, is the season of dryness, diabetic patients on the autumn dryness of the response is more obvious, should pay attention to the prevention of autumn dryness, timely supplementation of water. Some diabetic patients worry that drinking more will cause polyuria, and dare not drink water despite thirst, which is very wrong and dangerous. Diabetes polyuria is due to high blood glucose, thirst is the body’s lack of water performance, if you limit the drinking water, it is easy to cause dehydration, leading to aggravation of the condition of diabetes, and even lead to hyperosmolar coma; elderly patients may also be due to dehydration, blood concentration, leading to cerebral thrombosis, prenephrotic renal insufficiency. Therefore, diabetic patients should be encouraged to drink water, 1500 ~ 2000 ml per day, elderly patients due to water loss after thirst is not obvious, should pay attention to the initiative to replenish water, but drink water should pay attention to a small amount of times, drink boiled water, light tea, soy milk, milk and other fluids. And eat more bitter melon, tomatoes and other cold nature of fruits and vegetables, because it contains more water, can supplement the body’s fluid. Early fall weather is unpredictable, winter weather is cold, diabetic patients with low immunity, the most likely to catch a cold, respiratory, skin, urinary tract infections, etc. is a common complication of diabetes, and even become a life-threatening killer. Attention should be paid to the cleanliness and hygiene of the skin, if there are skin breaks, infections should be treated in time; active treatment of chronic pharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, in order to eliminate the occurrence of the hidden danger of pneumonia. Cold stimulation in winter can increase catecholamines in the body, prompting increased blood pressure, coronary artery spasm, easily induced cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction and other serious diabetic complications, so we should pay attention to the cold and warmth, increase the number of clothes in a timely manner, and reduce the time of outdoor activities at the right time. Autumn and winter is the high incidence of diabetic foot season, we should pay special attention to the care of the foot skin, you can use some emollient milk and emollient cream, wear loose cotton shoes, often change the socks, keep the feet clean and dry, every night to 45 ℃ hot water soaking feet for 15 minutes, help to prevent cold and warm and improve local blood circulation, at the same time to prevent bruises, active treatment of athlete’s foot, to avoid tearing the skin of the feet and rubbing the toes to stop itching in case of skin breakage incurring septicemia, and to prevent the skin breakage incurs septicemia. Avoid tearing the skin of the feet and rubbing the toes to stop itching, in order to prevent the skin from breaking and inviting purulent bacterial infections. Elderly diabetics have impaired skin sensation, in the use of hot water bags and foot soak, pay attention to let family members to help test the temperature of the water to avoid scalding. Prevention of “five high” in fact, as long as the diabetic patients to do a prudent diet, diligent exercise, can achieve the purpose of preventing weight gain (high body weight), elevated blood glucose (high blood glucose), elevated blood lipids (high blood lipids), pay attention to the amount of exercise and choose to soothe the type of exercise as well as pay attention to the warmth of the basis, you can prevent the blood pressure (hypertension), but also to note that late autumn season is the season of the hot water bag as well as foot soaking, pay attention to family members to help test the temperature of the water to avoid scalding. However, it should also be noted that the late fall season is a dangerous time for gout attacks (high uric acid), so it is important to moderate your diet, especially to eat less high-purine foods, such as pork, lamb, animal offal, seafood, lentils and other foods, to avoid the occurrence of gout. In the fall, when the weather gets cooler, people like to eat hot pot, and it is easiest for them to consume too much purine, so gout patients should not eat hot pot. In addition, you should also pay attention to drink more water to promote uric acid excretion, and appropriate intake of alkaline food, such as cabbage, celery, cucumber, eggplant, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, bananas, pears, apricots, peaches, apples and so on.