The five newborn screening tests, Phenylketonuria, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Congenital Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia, Galactosemia, and if the child is suffering from Crohn’s disease, are the most important screening tests for children, and these diseases can cause significant health risks for children. If a child has congenital hypothyroidism, the level of thyroid hormones in the body will be very low, causing a delay in motor development and a severe mental retardation in the child, which requires timely replacement therapy with thyroxine tablets. If a child has phenylketonuria, it can also cause developmental disorders and requires a special diet for children with phenylketonuria.