The three thyroid autoantibodies include anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroid stimulating receptor antibodies. These three antibodies are used clinically to evaluate thyroid disorders. Thyroid receptor antibodies are the causative antibodies in Graves’ disease and are clinically important for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Graves’ disease, especially during the discontinuation of hyperthyroidism treatment. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies are important indicators for the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Significantly elevated levels of these two items suggest the possibility of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.