Ultrasound imaging: 1. Urological ultrasound: including kidney, bladder and prostate. Before the examination, the patient should be asked to drink 500~1000ML of water to fill the bladder to facilitate the observation of lesions in the bladder and the prostate. 2. Ultrasound-guided puncture: mainly for the prostate. Before the operation, use glycerin enema 330ML in three instillations to cleanse the rectum of feces and reduce the chance of contamination and infection, so that the examination field is clear. Second, X-ray examination 1, urological X-ray plain film (KUB): that is, kidney, ureter, bladder. The day before the examination, after dinner, take 10G of Fandango leaf in hot water, and then fast for 12 hours. 2.Intravenous urography (IVP): To understand the morphology of the renal pelvis and calyces and the function of the contralateral kidney. The preparation before the examination is the same as KUB. 3.Retrograde urography: The examination is performed by retrograde intubation through cystoscopy. 4.Cystography: for those with bladder lesions that are not suitable for cystoscopy. 5.Urethrography: for urethral strictures, tumors, fistulas, malformations, etc. 6.Cystoscopy: visualize lesions in the bladder. CT is mainly used for the diagnosis of urological diseases and adrenal tumors, with higher sensitivity than B ultrasound. Fasting, fasting and water fasting should be done before the examination. Nephrogram (1) It can determine the secretory function of renal tubules and show whether there is obstruction in the upper urinary tract through the secretion of nuclide into the urinary tract, the degree of concentration and its rate of discharge, and the diuretic nephrogram can help identify the nature of upper urinary tract obstruction. (2) The instructions issued by the examination department should be followed before the examination. 2.Urodynamics (1) Using the principles and methods of fluid mechanics and physiology, the dynamic process of urine discharge through the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra is examined. It is used to make quantitative and objective diagnosis of urine transport and various urinary storage and voiding disorders. (2) You should drink water and hold urine before the examination, and take oral antibiotics after the examination. 4. urine examination 1. routine examination 2. urine three cup test: according to the different time of appearance of red blood cells or white blood cells in urine during urination, the site of urinary system diseases can be judged. 3, urine to find tuberculosis bacteria: after 24H urine retention to record the volume of urine to take 10ML sent for testing. 4, urine bacteriological examination: first clean the urethra or ureteral orifice and then take the middle urine for testing. 5.Urine for tumor cells: Retain the second fresh urine in the early morning for testing. 6.Urine for 17-hydroxy 17-ketone, bitter amygdalin (VMA) and catecholamine (CA) determination, 24H urine should be kept and shaken to take 10ML for testing.