The manifestation of lupus erythematosus varies among individuals, with some showing only butterfly-shaped erythema on the cheeks, i.e. cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In some cases, the lesions may involve multiple organs and systems, and lupus nephritis may appear, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus.
1. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: the main clinical manifestations are butterfly-shaped erythema and rash on the face, which initially appears on the cheeks, is symmetrically distributed, and is dark red or bright red in color, accompanied by scales, and purpura or petechiae may also be present. Afterwards, the erythema will gradually merge and may develop to the forehead, orbits and front of the neck.
2. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): It can damage all organs of the body, with clinical manifestations of fever, malaise, anorexia, weight loss and other systemic symptoms, and may be accompanied by a rash, which manifests as butterfly-shaped erythema, mucous membrane ulcers, alopecia, periungual erythema, etc. In addition, patients may also have symmetrical red or bright red, accompanied by scales.
In addition, patients may have symmetrical joint swelling and pain, most commonly in the fingers, wrists and knees, and may cause pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, lupus nephritis (manifested as hematuria, urinary protein, increased blood pressure, etc.), anemia and other symptoms.
If lupus erythematosus is suspected, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time, complete the relevant examinations according to the doctor’s instructions, and treat the disease actively after a clear diagnosis.