Postoperative anastomotic fistula of esophageal cancer may appear in the neck or chest. Generally, it can be treated by drainage, meanwhile strengthening intravenous nutrition and anti-infection treatment. 1. Drainage: because anastomotic fistula can cause neck infection or chest infection, at this time, adequate drainage can reduce the infection, expel the infected material out of the body as soon as possible and reduce the absorption of toxin. 2. Strengthen intravenous nutrition: because after the anastomotic fistula is easy to cause a large amount of fluid loss, protein catabolism increased, adequate nutrition for the treatment of anastomotic fistula is very important. Can intravenous glucose nutritional solution, if necessary, nutritional support therapy. 3. anti-infection: after anastomotic fistula, bacteria can easily enter and cause infection, need to prevent infection. Generally, it is necessary to choose targeted antibiotic treatment according to drug sensitivity test under doctor’s guidance. If anastomotic fistula occurs after esophageal cancer surgery, patients should go to regular hospitals in time and take treatment under the guidance of professional doctors.