Objective To compare the preoperative and 2-year postoperative imaging data of single-segment lumbar disc herniation patients undergoing percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and fenestration laminectomy. To evaluate the effects of PTED and laminectomy on the motor units of the lumbar spine; to compare the clinical efficacy of PTED and laminectomy for single-segment lumbar disc herniation. Methods 1. The clinical data of patients with single-segment lumbar disc herniation treated by CT, MRI and clinical manifestations, before and after surgery, were analyzed to compare the effects of the two procedures on the operated segments and the clinical efficacy. 2. To compare the effects of the two surgical procedures on the spinal motion units by comparing the changes in the intervertebral space height and intervertebral foramen height of the operated segment on the lateral radiographs of patients with single-segment lumbar disc herniation and PETD before and 2 years after surgery, and the preservation of lumbar mobility (ROM) in the powered position of the operated segment; the small joint angle difference of the operated segment on MRI and the changes in the joint space of the synovial joint on CT. 3. To compare the changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) of pain in the affected limb before and 1 year after surgery in patients with single-segment lumbar disc herniation treated with the two surgical procedures, and to assess the efficacy of surgery using the modified MacNab criteria. Complications were also recorded. Results 1. Changes in intervertebral space height and foraminal height: The preoperative intervertebral space height in the PETD group was 10.3±2.1 mm and 8.2±1.7 mm at the last follow-up; the preoperative foraminal height was 14.5±2.9 mm and 12.4±3.1 mm at the last follow-up, and the changes in preoperative and postoperative intervertebral space height and foraminal height were statistically significant (p<0.05). The preoperative intervertebral space height was 9.4±1.2 mm in the laminar opening group and 5.7±2.4 mm at the last follow-up; the preoperative intervertebral foramen height was 13.6±3.8 mm and 10.9±2.9 mm at the last follow-up, and the changes in preoperative and postoperative intervertebral space height and foraminal height were statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the change of intervertebral foraminal height and intervertebral space height between the groups (p < 0.00). 2. Changes in mobility: The preoperative surgical segment mobility was 3.12 ± 1.87° in the PETD group and 3.54 ± 1.76° at the last follow-up, with statistically significant changes in preoperative and postoperative surgical segment mobility (p < 0.05). In the laminoplasty group, the preoperative surgical segment mobility was 2.94±1.47° and 4.69±2.03° at the last follow-up, with statistically significant differences in the changes in surgical segment mobility before and after surgery (p<0.05). There was a significant difference (p < 0.00) in the comparison of the changes in mobility between the two surgical procedures. 3. Changes in the small joint angle and synovial gap difference: the small joint angle difference of the operated segment was 4.73±1.22° before surgery and 6.65±2.19° at the last follow-up in the PETD group, and the synovial gap difference was 3.3±1.0 mm before surgery and 3.6±1.8 mm at the last follow-up. the small joint angle difference of the operated segment was 4.47±0.76° before surgery and 4.47±0.76° at the last follow-up in the laminectomy group. The preoperative and postoperative small joint angle difference and joint gap changes were statistically significant (p<0.000). 4. In the PETD group, VAS was 78.6±2.9 preoperatively and 10.1±1.7 postoperatively, and ODI was 63.8±14.6 preoperatively and 10.7±3.1 at the last follow-up. The changes in VAS and ODI before and after surgery were statistically significant (p<0.000). According to the modified MacNab criteria: excellent 40 cases, good 17 cases, moderate 5 cases, poor 5 cases, excellent rate: 85.1%, and 3 cases of postoperative recurrence. In the laminoplasty group: VAS 80.3±3.3 before surgery, 9.8±1.9 after surgery, ODI 67.2±12.8 before surgery, 12.5±4.3 at the last follow-up, with statistical differences in VAS and ODI improvement before and after surgery (p<0.000). According to the modified MacNab criteria: excellent 23 cases, good 11 cases, moderate 3 cases, poor 2 cases, excellent rate: 87.2%, and 1 case of postoperative recurrence. There was no statistical difference in the improvement of VAS and ODI between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion 1. both percutaneous foraminoscopic technique and laminectomy for nucleus pulposus removal for single-segment lumbar disc herniation decreased the height of the operated segment and the height of the foramen after surgery, but the loss of both in the PETD group was less than that in the laminectomy. both PETD and laminectomy for lumbar disc herniation increased the activity of the operated segment after surgery, and the increase in the activity of the operated segment after laminectomy was significantly greater than that in the PETD group The increase in segmental mobility after laminectomy was significantly greater than that in the PETD group. 2. The postoperative small joint angular difference and synovial joint gap decreased in the laminectomy group, while the postoperative small joint angular difference and synovial joint gap difference increased in the PETD group. 3, PETD and laminectomy can achieve comparable clinical efficacy, and PETD has the advantages of less trauma and faster recovery. However, intraoperative convulsions are a unique complication of PETD compared with laminotomy, and the management of PETD with complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage is more difficult than laminotomy. Keywords lumbar disc herniation; single-segment; foraminoscopy; laminectomy;