86.Buguzhi Fructus Psoraleae [synonym] Broken paper, amaranth, and leek. [Source] This product is a legume Psoralea corylifolia L, the mature fruit. [It contains flavonoids, bavachim, bavachalcone and other coumarins, psolalen and iso-psolalen, etc. The fruit contains 20% volatile oil, fatty oil and resin, etc. [Pharmacology] ①Cardiovascular system effects: can dilate the coronary vessels of guinea pigs, cats, dogs, rabbits, rats and other isolated hearts, and can strengthen the myocardial contraction of guinea pigs and rats, and excite the frog heart, etc. ②Hemostatic effect. ③Photosensitizing effect. ④Anti-adhesive and estrogen-like effects. ⑤Action on smooth muscle:Psoralea seed extract has excitatory effect on isolated and in situ intestinal tube, and relaxation on isolated guinea pig uterus. ⑥Antibacterial effect. [Efficacy and Dosage] Warming the kidney and helping Yang, stopping diarrhea by nourishing Qi. Used for impotence and spermatorrhea, urinary emission and frequency, cold pain in the waist and knees, kidney deficiency and asthma, diarrhea in the fifth shift. Used externally to treat white paralysis and baldness. Internal use: 6-9g. External use: 20%-30% tincture applied to the affected area. [Adverse effects] There is skin pigmentation phenomenon. [Example] A 56-year-old male, who harvested bone marrow spikes for 5 consecutive days, about 1h per day, developed hyperpigmentation on the back of the hands. The hyperpigmentation was cleared 20 days after stopping the harvesting of bone marrow spikes. References Hu M. C., One case of hyperpigmentation caused by exposure to bone marrow, Sichuan TCM, 1987,(4);41 87, Lingzhi Ganoderma [synonym] Sanxiu (Chu Shi), Miao, Chi ((Er Ya). [Source] This product is the fruit entity of the porous plant Ganoderma japanica (Fr,) Lloyd or Ganoderma lucidum ( Leyss ex Fr,) Karst,. [Constituents] Zizhi contains ergosterol, organic acids, amino acids, glucose, and polysaccharides. Erythrostenol, resin, fatty acid, mannitol and polysaccharides are contained in Zizhi. [Pharmacology] ① has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, manifested as reduced activity and mild muscle relaxation. (ii) It has a biphasic effect on blood pressure, which first decreases and then increases the urine volume. ③It has a cough expectorant effect. ④It has a protective effect on liver. ⑤ has a cardiotonic effect. ⑥Adjusts immune function. [Efficacy and Dosage] Nourishing and strengthening, calming the mind and strengthening the stomach. Used for deficiency labor, cough and asthma, insomnia, indigestion. Internal use: 3-9g in decoction. [Adverse reactions] Traditionally with Ganoderma lucidum, adverse reactions were rare, but after it was made into injection, 27 cases of allergic reactions such as shock occurred one after another in Xi’an only. Generally, allergic reactions occurred in 2-30 min after injection. In mild cases, there were urticaria, itching, shortness of breath, chest tightness, abdominal pain and vomiting, and edema of the throat. In severe cases, shock and encephalitis. [Example] A 41-year-old male had mild allergy to Ganoderma lucidum in 1975, and after another injection in 1977, he lost consciousness for 10 min and his blood pressure could not be measured. He was resuscitated for half an hour and his blood pressure was restored, but he was in a coma for 1 week, his deep and superficial reflexes were gone, and he was paralyzed and had motor aphasia. Six months later, the tongue was still right-sided, hemiplegic and unable to speak live, and the diagnosis was allergic encephalitis. [Prevention and treatment] Take Ganoderma lucidum in the traditional way. Try to avoid using it after making it into an injection. Adverse reactions should be discontinued in all cases. Treat symptomatically in mild cases. Serious cases should be resuscitated according to shock and encephalitis. References Xi’an City Drug Inspection Institute, Allergic reactions to Ganoderma lucidum injection, Pharmacology Bulletin, 1980, 15, (1):48 88, Colla Corii Asini [synonym] Ejiao Colla Corii Asini (Ben Jing)}), Panggu Gum (Tao Hongjing), Donkey Skin Gum (Qianjin? (Food and Medicine). [Source] This product is a gum block made from the skin of Eguus asinus L., a donkey of the horse family, which is boiled after removing its hair. [Composition] It is basically protein, hydrolyzed to produce amino acids. [Pharmacology] ①For blood loss anemia, gum can make red blood cells and hemoglobin rise faster. ②It improves calcium balance in animals, and can increase calcium absorption and retention in the body. ③It has an antihypertensive effect. ④It has the effect of preventing progressive muscular dystrophy. ⑤It has the effect of promoting the transformation rate of lymphocytes in healthy human. [Efficacy and Dosage] Nourishing Yin, tonifying blood and calming the fetus. Used for blood deficiency, deficiency labor, cough, vomiting blood, epistaxis, blood in stool, lowering blood in women, and calming the fetus. It can be taken internally: 4,5g-9g in yellow wine or melted in boiling water. [Adverse effects] There are reports of Agaricus blazei induced hemorrhage. [Example] A 29-year-old male with purulent blood stool, epistaxis and thrombocytopenia took herbal medicine to nourish water, clear liver and strengthen spleen to resolve dampness, epistaxis stopped and stool was dry. Then he added 10g of Agaricus blazei to the above, after taking it, his gums bled heavily, the bleeding stopped after stopping the medicine, and then his gums bled again after taking it again, and epistaxis did not stop. Similar bleeding occurred on 2 other occasions of taking Agaricus later. References 1. Wang Yingsheng, Pharmacology and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing: People’s Health Publishing House, 1983, 564 2_ Liu Shouyong, Report of a case of hemorrhage induced by Agaricus blazei, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1987,3(5):43-44 89. Chenpi Chenpi Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae [synonym] Guilao (Hou Ningji, “Pharmacopoeia”), Huang Orange Peel (Jifeng Puji Fang), Red Peel (Tangliu Ben Cao). [Source] This product is the dried peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its various varieties, family Rutaceae. [It contains volatile oil, hesperichin, nobiletin, inositol, vitamin B1, vitamin C and so on. The main component of volatile oil is d-limonene. [Pharmacology] ①Heart-strengthening and antihypertensive effects. ②It has bronchodilator effect. ③In test tube, it has the effect of inhibiting the growth of staphylococcus. It has antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus forsythiae and Bacillus deformans in vitro. [Efficacy and Dosage] Regulating Qi, tonifying the middle, drying dampness and resolving phlegm. It is used for relieving chest and abdominal fullness, inappetence, vomiting and retching, coughing and phlegm, and also relieving fish and crab poison. Internal use: 3-9g in decoction. [Adverse Reactions] May cause blood in stool and skin allergy. [Example] ① 2 cases in men, both with Chen Pi in water as tea, 1 case in the morning, even if blood in the evening; 1 case the next day, even if blood, 1-2 days after stopping drinking, the blood in the stool stopped. Later repeated several times, all blood in the stool. In one case, a woman had a recurrence of asthma and took a soup containing Chen Pi, and sneezing and runny nose appeared after taking it for one time. The upper symptom did not occur, but when Chen Pi was added again, the upper symptom started again. (3) A female with intestinal tuberculosis and abdominal distension was given 15g of Chen Pi in water as tea, and the distension disappeared after 1 h. Two days later, the distension was again severe, and Chen Pi was given 20g in water as tea, and the distension increased after 40 min, with abdominal pain and cold sweat, and abdominal radiography showed that the gastrointestinal tract was perforated. [Prevention and control] ① Stop the drug immediately after allergic or adverse reactions are detected. ②Treat symptomatically. ③The presence of gastrointestinal perforation should be treated as acute abdominal disease. References 1. Wu Yanfu, Blood in stool caused by taking Chen Pi, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1988,13(10):54 2. Guo Jianfeng, Report of a case of Chen Pi allergy, Henan Chinese Medicine, 1989,(2):31 3. Ding Linzhang, et al, A case of gastrointestinal perforation death caused by oral Chen Pi liquid, Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 1992,12(3):156 90. Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata [Source] This product is a processed product of the root of Aconitum Carmichaeli Debx, a plant of the genus Aconitum in the family Maundaceae. [It contains 0.01% aconitine and 0.048% hypaconitine. The ascending component is stick palm alkaloids, and the cardiac component is desmethyl aconitum alkaloids. After concocted, the bis-ester aconitine can be decomposed into less toxic mono-ester alkaloids, and continued boiling can be changed into less toxic aconitine, whose toxicity is only 1/2000-1/4000 of the original alkaloids. [Pharmacology] ①Cardiogenic effect: demethyl aconitine is similar to isopropyl adrenaline, which can agonize the beta receptors of cardiac muscle cells. ②Vasodilating effect: Intravenous injection of Shu Pai decoction causes increased coronary artery flow, transient decrease in blood pressure and vasodilatation of hind limbs in cats, which is consistent with the treatment of “syncope of the extremities” in ancient books. ③Analgesic and sedative effects: Scopolamine can enhance its effects. ④Anti-inflammatory effect: The decoction of Shu Pei Pai can decrease the eosinophils in blood and increase the excretion of 17-ketosteroids in urine after intramuscular injection. ⑤Local anesthetic effect: It makes the sensory nerve endings of the skin mucous membrane excited first to produce itching and burning, followed by loss of sensation. [Efficacy and Dosage] Returning Yang to save rebellion, tonifying fire and helping Yang, expelling wind-cold and dampness. It is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat yang deficiency and descent, syncope of the extremities, edema of yang deficiency, paralysis and pain of cold and dampness, and other disorders belonging to yin-cold disease. In modern times, it is used in the treatment of heart failure with Radix et Rhizoma Polygonati, and in the treatment of shock with Ginseng and Radix Soup, and in the treatment of chronic diarrhea in children with Radix et Rhizoma Polygonati. The usual dosage:3-9g. [Adverse reactions] Human oral administration of aconite 0,2mg can produce symptoms of poisoning, the toxicity of processed aconite (1200C , 40min) is only 1/5-1/350 of raw aconite, the LD50 when taken orally is above 100g/kg. However, when improperly concocted or overdosed, it can cause slowed heart rate, conduction block, ventricular precontraction (premature beat), ventricular tachycardia, and even ventricular fibrillation and death, accompanied by burning mouth, salivation, nausea and vomiting, tingling of limbs, dizziness, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, dilated pupils, and cold and sticky skin. [Example] ① Causing arrhythmia:One case of a 71-year-old female with numbness of the mouth and lips after taking a formula containing 6 g of sophora per dose, dizziness, shortness of breath, cold sweat and decreased blood pressure 1 h after the second dose, and an electrocardiogram showing nodal premature beats and left bundle branch conduction block, which recovered the next day after treatment [1]. In another case, a 36-year-old woman who took a formula containing 12 g of Radix et Rhizoma Pseudostellariae for half an hour had numbness of the lips and mouth, palpitations, weakness of the limbs, arrhythmia, and an electrocardiogram showing atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular duplex, and complete left bundle branch block, which recovered the next day after resuscitation [2]. A 40-year-old man with no history of hypertension had a sudden headache 20 min after taking a formula containing 10 g of Radix et Rhizoma during the recovery period of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, with heavy headache on the temporal side, with a twitch-like appearance and red face, which was relieved in the afternoon, but the headache returned at 5 pm after taking it again, with a blood pressure of 25,3/12 kPa, and the headache disappeared after the intramuscular injection of Lixin, and the next day the Radix et Rhizoma was picked out from the above. The next day, the epilobium was removed from the above, and no reaction was observed when it was taken again [3]. A 30-year-old male with no psychiatric history and family history showed general symptoms of aconitine poisoning such as nausea, vomiting and numbness of the lips half an hour after taking a dose of Chinese herbal medicine containing 30 g of Aconite, and after 2 h became restless, increased movement, unstable sitting and standing, talking to himself, laughing and cursing, and fell asleep 4 h after giving rehydration and sedation, and recovered completely after 14 h. This case is characterized by the presence of psychiatric symptoms followed by a reduction in general symptoms of intoxication. Visual hallucinations were predominant (seeing many children sitting on the body and many small caterpillars on the quilt) accompanied by agitation [4]. ④ Causing skin reactions:It was reported that 33 patients with moxibustion with a large 6 cm × 6 cm cake containing aconite had a red rash on the trunk, along with dizziness and weakness, itchy lips and nose, sore throat, chest tightness, nausea, abdominal pain, etc. This was due to the inhalation of fumes containing aconite [5]. In another female patient, an ointment containing 5 g of aconite was applied to the umbilicus due to stomach pain, and 2 days later, skin redness and itching appeared at the site of application, and after healing, each medicine was applied separately, and only aconite reacted, so it was definitely aconite allergy [6]. ⑤ Infant poisoning by breastfeeding:A woman, 22 years old, after taking 5 doses of a formula containing 15 g of Radix et Rhizoma for palpitations, her nursing 4-month-old infant vomited and did not eat, was restless, had an accelerated heart rate, and had an irregular heart rhythm, and after stopping the dose her son was injected with atropine again and quickly calmed down [6]. Some people have counted 34 patients with epiphyllum poisoning, of whom 100% presented with numbness of the lips and extremities, dizziness, headache, palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating, pallor, nausea and vomiting; 62% presented with burning skin; 53% with bradycardia; 32% with decreased blood pressure; 29% with abdominal pain; 24% each with slurred speech, rash and itching, arrhythmia, diarrhea, and salivation [7]. [The following factors are related to the poisoning of the herb: ①Tolerance: young and healthy people have strong tolerance, while old and weak people have poor tolerance and are easily poisoned and have heavy symptoms, so the dosage for the elderly should be low and the evidence must be carefully identified. ②Decoction time: decoction can make aconite decompose, so the herb should be decocted first, it has been proposed that the dosage in 10-20g should be decocted first for 1h, the dosage in 20g or more should be boiled first for 2h, in the first decoction long decoction method, that is, the use of up to 60g, more than 30 days in a row without toxic reactions [6]. He even reported that 120g of long decoction of Radix et Rhizoma alone was taken orally with no adverse reactions [7]. Therefore, prolonged decoction is an important method to prevent toxic reactions. ③Dosage form:Alcohol can promote the absorption of aconite, so drinking alcohol at the same time can aggravate the toxicity, and pills are taken directly orally without decoction, using 0,4g-0,5g, that is, cases of poisoning occur [7]. Zhang believes that the amount of the system in pills and tinctures should not exceed 1g at a time [6]. (4) Drug toxicity accumulation: the sapodilla has tolerance, slowly and gradually increase to a certain amount may not occur poisoning [8]. However, accumulation of poisoning can still occur if applied in large quantities for a long time, especially in elderly and frail patients. Cui reported a 60-year-old female patient who took 2 doses of a formula containing 9 g of Radix et Rhizoma, then 5 doses of a formula containing 30 g of Radix et Rhizoma, and then a decoction of Radix et Rhizoma with dried ginger (45 g of Radix et Rhizoma in the formula) for more than 1 h. Toxic reactions occurred 10 min after taking the 3rd dose, and recovered after 30 g of licorice was urgently decocted and infused for 2 h [9]. ⑤ Quality of concoction:Inadequate concoction and incomplete decomposition of aconitine are important factors causing poisoning, so poisoning often occurs in the same batch of intake. It is known that the use of ginger and licorice not only increases the cardiopulmonary effect, but also reduces its toxicity to 1/4 of its original size. certain amino acids in honey can generate non-toxic compounds with aconitine, so honey can also be used for detoxification. Pan’s experience:Aconite with a small amount of mucuna pruriens can both improve the therapeutic effect and reduce its toxicity [10]. Ding et al. experimentally demonstrated that the aconitine content of the solution was reduced to 42% of the original content when Phellodendron and Mucuna pruriens were boiled together in a 3:1 ratio [11]. It seems that there is a tendency to increase the toxicity of the combined use of Phellodendron and Ephedra: He reported 34 cases of Phellodendron poisoning, of which 6 cases were used in combination with Ephedra and 4 of them were selected to go to Ephedra, and the renewal of the original dose of Phellodendron did not cause poisoning, and the same 4 people then used the original dose of Ephedra and went to Phellodendron did not cause poisoning, which can be proved to be caused by the combination of Phellodendron and Ephedra [7]. A similar report was made by Cui. Traditionally, it is believed that there is a contraindication to the combination of Aconite and Semen, but Ding et al. failed to demonstrate an increase in toxicity in acute toxicity experiments on toads and mice, and the use of Semen in combination has a tendency to reduce toxicity [12]. Atropine can counteract the excitatory effect of aconitine on the vagus nerve, and a large amount of atropine has an ameliorating effect on electrocardiographic changes in animal experiments, but it cannot prevent animal death [13]. Yu reported that the key to clinical management of 52 cases of aconite poisoning was prompt and rapid general management, and the effect of atropine was not too significant [14]. The general management principle is to wash the stomach with 1%-2% ellagic acid or give an emetic to make the poison in the stomach vomit. Activated charcoal is administered to reduce its absorption and intravenous rehydration to accelerate its excretion. In case of respiratory failure, give oxygen and Niclosamide injection. Subcutaneous or intravenous atropine was given in case of heart rate slowdown, and intravenous dosage of atropine up to 75 mg overnight has been reported [6]. References 1. Zhang Mingchuang, 1 case of cardiac arrhythmia caused by the system of Phellodendron, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1990,13(4):20 2. Ling Ling, 1 case of poisoning by Phellodendron, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1991,14(6):265 3. Lu Wei, 1 case of hypertensive headache caused by Phellodendron, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1992,13(12):549 4. Yu Haomin, 1 case of mental disorder caused by Phellodendron, Yunnan 5. Zhang Jianzhong, Moxibustion and aconitine poisoning with Fructus Aconiti, Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1992, (5):43 6. Zhang Zhendong, et al, Identification and treatment of poisoning with Fructus Aconiti, Chuanwu and Caowu, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1992, (10):452 7. 8.Huang Mao Kun, Report of two cases of poisoning with Radix Aconiti, Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine, 1958, (12):1214 9.Cui Gui Bo, Trivial discussion on the five causes of poisoning with Radix Aconiti, New Chinese Medicine, 1992, 24(11):47 10.Pan Qinghai, Experience in the application of dosage and combination of Radix Aconiti, Journal of Chinese Medicine Research, 1986, (6):15 11.Ding Guo Guo, Preliminary observation on the detoxification effect of Moutong on Radix Aconiti 12. Fan Chunguang, et al. A discussion on whether there are any contraindications to the combination of the authentic herb Radix et Rhizoma Pinelliae and Radix Panax, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1992, 17(3):182 13. Zhou Jinhuang, Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1986, 145 14. (11):1020-1022 91, Qingfengteng Caulis Sinomenii [synonym] Qingfengteng, Qingteng, Xuanfengteng. [Source] This product is the vine stem of Qingfengteng Sinomenium acutum ( Thunb, ) Rehd, et Wils, and Qingfengteng Sinomenium acutum ( Thunb, ) Rehd, et Wils, var, Cinereum Rehd, et Wils. [Ingredients] The stem and vine and root contain sinomenine, sinoacutine, bicinchonine, and acanthine. [Pharmacology] ①Analgesic effect. ②Sedative effect. ③Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. ④Anti-hypertensive effect. ⑤ Inhibitory effect on Plasmodium. [Efficacy and Dosage] Dispelling wind-dampness, promoting meridians, and facilitating urination. Used for rheumatic paralysis and pain, swollen joints, paralysis and itching. Internal use: 6-12g in decoction. [Adverse effects] Individual cases may show rash and other allergic phenomena, and granulocyte deficiency may occur in severe cases. [Example] Three patients with rheumatoid arthritis, one female and two males, aged 36-46 years old, two cases took tablets, equivalent to 60mg of total alkali per day; one case took decoction, equivalent to 59mg of total alkali, all had normal blood leukocyte counts before the drug was used, and granulocyte deficiency occurred after 41, 27 and 21 days of use, respectively. [Prevention and control] The adverse reactions are related to allergic mechanism. The dose of this drug and individual differences are large, and blood cell examination should be done regularly during clinical application. References Li Qingyuan, Qingguo Fructus Canarii caused granulocyte deficiency in 3 cases, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989,(9):424 92, Qingguo Fructus Canarii [Synonyms] Olive, olive seed, olive Α (18) night (3) pyrimidine [Source] The fruit is the ripe fruit of olive Canarium album Raeusch, family Oliveaceae. [Ingredients] The fruit contains 1.2% protein, 1.09% fat, 12% carbohydrate, 0.204% calcium, 0.046% phosphorus, 0.0014% iron, 0.02% ascorbic acid, etc. [Efficacy and dosage] Clear heat and promote pharyngeal, generate body fluid, detoxify. Used for sore throat, cough, irritable thirst, fish and crab poisoning. Internal use: decoction 4,5-9g. [Adverse effects] With vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. [Example] In one case, due to wind-heat offending the lung and heat boiling the lung meridian, 15g of mulberry chrysanthemum drink with flavored green fruit was used, and half an hour after the decoction was taken orally, the patient vomited and had diarrhea, the patient recalled that he was suspected to have green fruit allergy more than ten years ago, and was asked to pick out the green fruit and continue to take the medicine without any reaction. Later, he used 15g of single green fruit and took it orally with water decoction, and the vomiting and diarrhea mentioned above appeared again. References: Li Yingxin, Report of a case of diarrhea caused by the Chinese herbal medicine green fruit, Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1981,(2):27 93, Qinghao Herba Artemisiae Annuae [synonym] Penny, stinky Penny, fine leaf Penny, fragrant Penny, bitter Penny. [Source] This product is the above-ground part of Artemisia annua L., a plant of the family Asteraceae. [It mainly contains volatile oil, which is composed of artemisia ketone, isoartemisia ketone, levocamphor, sesquiterpene, eugenol and other sesquiterpene derivatives. In recent years, it was found that this product contains a sesquiterpene lactone with peroxy group – cyanopodophyllin, which is the main active ingredient of antimalarial. At the same time, two other crystals were also isolated – cyanopodophyllin and cyanopodophyllin. The latter is the known sesquiterpene lactone arteannuin B. The content of cyanoplanin in the leaves of Pennyroyal is higher in young leaves than in old leaves (0,7%-0,9% and 0,3%, respectively, with the flowering stage being the turning point for the highest content). The content of cyanophylls gradually decreases during storage. [Pharmacology] Pennyroyal aqueous solution (1:3) has inhibitory effect on skin fungus in test tube. [Efficacy and dosage] Clearing heat and relieving summer heat, removing steam and intercepting malaria. It is used for summer fever, Yin deficiency fever, night fever and early coolness, bone fever and labor fever, malaria and cold fever, damp fever and jaundice. Dosage:6-12g. [Adverse Reactions] Mostly seen in skin allergy symptoms such as papules and erythema. [Example] ①1 case of allergy with papules, erythema and itching. ②1 case after taking one dose of Chinese medicine for 2h, scattered corn-like red papules appeared on both ankles and knees, and both cheeks showed erythema with strange itching. The above allergic symptoms appeared again after going to the Chinese medicine within Penny’s disease reduction and adding Penny’s again. References 1. Yang Lixin, et al. The effect of Qingdai on the rate of polychromatic erythrocyte micronuclei in mice bone marrow, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1984, (9):36 2. The product is the dried leaves or stems of Baphicacanthuscuscusia (Nees) Bremek, Polygonum tinctorium Ait, Polygonum tinctorium Fort, Isatis indigotica Fort, Polygonum tinctorium, and Isatis indigotica Fort. Powder or agglomerate. [Composition] Contains more than 5% of indigo. [Pharmacology] The ethanolic infusion of this product has inhibitory effect on Bacillus anthracis, Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. [Efficacy and Dosage] Clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling the blood, settling fright. It is used for warm poisonous spots, blood fever and epistaxis, chest pain and coughing, mouth sores, mumps, laryngeal paralysis, pediatric epilepsy. Dosage:1,5-3g, suitable for use in pills. For external use in appropriate amounts. [Adverse effects] In mild cases, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, etc., and in severe cases, blood in stool and decrease in platelets. [Example] ① 2 cases of pediatric mumps with Qing Dai 3-5g, local application for 6-10h, increased local swelling, skin itching, redness and swelling, irregular erythema with edges above the skin. One of the cases showed generalized itching of the skin and saw a large number of red shaped irregular rashes. The edges were slightly above the skin. After symptomatic treatment with intravenous dexamethasone 4 mg, the above symptoms disappeared after 2-4 days. Reference: Zhou Liujuan, 2 cases of contact dermatitis caused by Qing Dai, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989,(4):36 95, Bitter almond Kuxingren Semen Armeniacae Amarum [Synonyms] Bitter kernel, apricot seed, mountain apricot, muluozi, apricot plum kernel. [Source] This product is the mature seeds of Prunus armeniaca L, var, ansu Maxim, Siberian apricot Prunus sibiricaL, Northeast apricot Prunus mandshurica ( Maxim,) Koehne or apricot Prunus armeniaca L, of the Rosaceae family. [It contains amygdalin, emulsin, amygdalase, etc. [Pharmacology] ①Anti-cough and asthma effect. (2) Anthelmintic and antiseptic effect. ③Anti-itch effect. ④Anti-tumor effect. ⑤ Inhibits the digestive function of pepsin. [Efficacy and Dosage] Lowering Qi, relieving cough and asthma, laxative and laxative. Used for cough and asthma, chest fullness and phlegm, blood deficiency and fluid exhaustion, intestinal dryness and constipation. Dosage:4,5-9g, after decoction. [Adverse reaction] The onset of 0,5-5h after overdose of bitter almond by mistake, first feel bitter taste in the mouth, salivation, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, weakness of the limbs, etc.; slightly heavier, feel chest tightness, and varying degrees of respiratory distress; severe cases of weak breathing, unconsciousness, irritability, dilated pupils, loss of light reflex, blood pressure drop, teeth closed, the whole body spasms. The limbs are cold and in a state of shock, and finally death is caused by respiratory paralysis and cardiac arrest. [Example] ①After taking bitter almond, the patient felt dizziness, numbness of limbs, nausea and vomiting. Followed by headache, cold extremities, shortness of breath and coma. Diagnosed as toxic shock, cured by oxygen inhalation and oral licorice and mung bean soup. (2) A child had nausea and vomiting less than 1 h after eating more than 10 uncooked almonds, and immediately fell into coma. [Prevention and control] symptoms of poisoning, available 5% sodium thiosulfate or potassium permanganate liquid gastric lavage and enema, should be used early respiratory stimulant, once the respiratory arrest, should continue artificial respiration until breathing recovery, and give a large dose of vitamin C. [Note] bitter almond and sweet almond, the two drugs have different functions, the clinical application is generally considered: bitter almond is long in the treatment of asthma and cough actual symptoms; sweet almond is mostly used for lung deficiency cough. References 1, Jiang Guofeng, bitter almond overdose caused by serious poisoning 1 case, Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1988 (11): Feng San 2, Li Zonghao, cyanide-containing plants (bitter almond, cassava, etc.) poisoning prevention, Barefoot Doctor Journal, 1975, (7): 45 96, neem bark Kulianpi Cortex Meliae [synonym] bran bark, neem root wood bark, double white bark. [Source] This product is the bark and root bark of Melia toosendan Sieb, et Zucc, or Melia azedarach L, of the neem family. [It mainly contains neemin (toosendanin C30 H38O11 ) and water-soluble components (C30H40O12), kaempferol, resin, etc. [Pharmacology] ①Antihelmintic effect. It has a slight inhibitory effect on the respiratory center. [Efficacy and Dosage] It is used for the treatment of ringworm. Used for roundworm, pinworm disease, worm accumulation abdominal pain; external treatment of scabies, itching. For internal use: 4,5-9 g. For external use, grind and apply to the affected area with pig fat. [Adverse effects] Occasional dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, redness of face and sleepiness, etc. Individual reactions such as blurred vision and itchy skin may occur, which mostly disappear within 2-3h. [Example] ①One case took 1 dose of Chinese medicine for itchy palms, about half an hour later, stomach discomfort, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and limb weakness, unable to eat, about 3h, vomiting twice, diarrhea once, accompanied by epigastric discomfort. The next morning, all the symptoms disappeared. The neem seeds were found to be mixed with the neem seeds. The neem seeds were removed and 2 doses of the herbal medicine were taken without any adverse effects. References 1. Huang Rudong, A case of acute poisoning caused by misuse of neem seeds, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1992,(7): 433 97. Kunbu Kunbu Thallus Laminariae Thallus Eckloniae [synonym] Lunbu, Hai Kunbu, Light Kunbu. [Source] This product is the kelp Laminaria japonica Aresch, or wing algae Ecklonia Kurome Okam, the leaf-like body of the kelp family. [Composition] Most of the nitrogenous substances contained in kombu are proteins, and some of them are alkaloids and amino acids, and kombuchin is also contained here. [Pharmacology] ① Decongestant effect on goiter. ②Lowering blood pressure effect. ③Anti-asthmatic and anti-cough effect. [Efficacy and Dosage] Softening and dispersing knots, eliminating phlegm and inducing diuresis. Used for gall tumor, scrofula, testicular swelling and pain, phlegm and edema. Dosage:6-12g. [Example] 8 cases of iodine-induced thyroid poisoning by consumption, thyroid nodular swelling, diffuse enlargement poisoning. References Wang Yunxiang, Kombu-induced thyrotoxicosis, Foreign Medicine, Chinese Medicine Branch, 1990,12 (1):53 98. Kunmingshanhaitang Radix Tripterygii Hypoglauci [synonym] Zijinpi, Pink-backed Leigongtang, Broken Gut, Zijingpi. [Source] This product is the root or rhizome of Tripterygium hypoglaucum ( Levl,) Hutch, a genus of Radix Kunmingshanhaitang. [Composition] It mainly contains triterpenes, diterpene compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, Weimarol, pigments and so on. [Pharmacology] ①Anti-inflammatory effect. ②Immunosuppressive effect. ③Anti-fertility effect. ④Analgesic and antipyretic effects. ⑤ The alcoholic extract of this product has an inhibitory effect on cervical cancer, and the crude extract has a significant therapeutic effect on leukemia. [Efficacy and dosage] Expel wind and remove dampness, promote the flow of Qi and relieve pain, invigorate blood and dispel pain, renew tendons and connect bones. Used for wind-cold damp paralysis, tendon pain, bruises, stomach pain, menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, nephritis, etc. Dosage:10-20g. [Adverse Reactions] Acute poisoning mostly dies from renal failure and shock, and the general time of death is about 24h, not more than 4 days at most. Chronic poisoning may show loss of appetite, stomach fullness, burning sensation, stomach pain, diarrhea. In severe cases, nausea and vomiting, violent diarrhea, palpitations, chest tightness, decreased blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbance, abnormal liver function, swelling, skin rash, erythema. Amenorrhea in women, reduced or absent spermatozoa and poor motility in men, and very rarely aplastic anemia. [Example] ①Dizziness and nausea, loss of appetite on the 2nd day after taking Kunming Shanhaibang medicine for rheumatoid arthritis, waist distension and abdominal pain on the 3rd day, frequent vomiting, complicated by acidosis of acute renal failure. ② Observe the effect of Kunming Shanhaibang on the sperm of rheumatoid arthritis patients. After taking the drug for 1-2 months, the sperm count and viability decreased significantly, the malformation rate increased, and oligospermia, weak spermia or azoospermia appeared during the subsequent period of taking the drug_. References 1. Zhang Cun, Report of a case of acute renal failure caused by poisoning with Guilin pink-backed leigongteng, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1984,7(4):41 2. Luo Yi, et al, Semen analysis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Kunming mountain begonia, Yunnan Medicine, 1988,9(4):257 99. It is the fresh or dried whole grass of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge. [It mainly contains glycans, cyanogenic glycosides, amino acids, flavonoids, triterpenoids and phytosterols, etc. [Pharmacology] ①Hepatoprotective effect. ②Broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. [Efficacy and Dosage] Clear damp-heat and detoxify. Used for damp-heat jaundice, inconvenient urination, carbuncles and sores, acute and chronic hepatitis. Dosage: 250g fresh, 15-30g dried. [Adverse Reactions] Occasionally, chest tightness and panic, ventricular pre-term contractions, fever, skin erythema, edema. [Example] ①A patient with acute jaundice self-extracted 750g of fresh P. pendula in water decoction. 1h later, palpitations, chest tightness, weakness, and frequent premature ventricular contractions occurred. After 3 days, he took 750g of fresh Herba Taraxacum with water decoction. The above symptoms appeared again in about 1h and were cured after treatment. (2) A case of erythema multiforme type rash caused by the decoction of pendant herb. The patient suffered from chronic prolonged hepatitis 1.5 years ago, and intermittently took dropsy. Recently, she developed fever, heart rate of 102 beats per minute, scattered edematous bright red spots in the neck, trunk, and proximal extremities, and some of the lesions had only rice-grain-sized blisters or dark red spots, showing target-shaped damage. He was admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with erythema multiforme drug rash caused by pendula. After 3 days of hormonal treatment, the symptoms resolved. References 1.Kui Jinchao, 1 case of cardiac arrhythmia caused by high dose of pendant herb, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1992, (5):237 2.Liu Meiqing, 1 case of polymorphic erythematous rash caused by pendant herb, Shanxi Journal of Medicine, 1992, (5):311 100.Shijunzi Shijunzi Fructus Quisqualis [synonym] Liugouzi, Suozi fruit (Guangxi). [Source] This product is to make the monarch family plant Quisqualis indica L, the dried mature fruit. [Composition] The seeds contain quisqualic acid, carnosine, organic acid, fatty oil, etc. [Pharmacology] ①It has paralyzing effect on pig roundworm. ②Inhibitory effect on some skin fungi. [Efficacy and dosage] To kill worms and eliminate stagnation. It is used for ascaris and pinworm diseases, abdominal pain of worm accumulation, and chilblains in children. Dosage:9-12g, pounded into decoction. [Adverse effects] Commonly associated with vomiting and dizziness, in addition to abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. [Example] ①A 7-year-old child took 9 capsules (about 2 yuan) of raw angelica flesh for deworming, abdominal pain appeared 2h later, and the next day the stool was tarry, with epistaxis and purplish rash, diagnosed as allergic purpura (type I allergic reaction), which was cured by anti-allergic treatment. (②Another case of a 4-year-old female child who developed hematuria and proteinuria on the 4th day after taking 11 capsules of raw make up, which was cured after 7 days with hormonal and anti-allergic treatment. References 1. Sun Xiexin, Report of a case of allergic purpura caused by oral intake of raw Chinese junzi meat, Intermediate Medical Journal 2. Hu Xiuzhu, A case of allergic nephritis caused by Chinese junzi meat, Sichuan Med.