I. Prevalence of breast problems
1. 2 million women worldwide suffer from breast disease every year
2. 500,000 women worldwide die from breast cancer every year
3, Every 26 seconds a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer!
4. One woman dies of breast cancer almost every minute
5. The youngest patient found in the clinic is only 14 years old.
China has become a “high incidence” area for breast cancer! –According to incomplete statistics, about 50% of women in China suffer from various degrees of breast diseases, of which about 200,000 women suffer from breast cancer and more than 40,000 women die every year. The mortality rate of breast cancer is increasing rapidly at 3% per year, and it has become the fastest growing cancer in China in the past 10 years. Saving breasts, saving life and beauty is not only a war in the field of medical science, but also a war of the heart! We call for more women to be aware of breast protection and to develop the habit of regular breast care. The best way is to take preventive health care measures as early as possible, the earlier the better!
Second, the problem of the breast itself (subjective factors)
1, the immunity of the breast than other organs of the body (except reproductive organs) is 20-30% lower.
2, after the birth of a woman, the body’s immunity decreases by 30% – 40%.
3. Many animals lose the life of the mother due to childbirth. For example, many insects (such as silkworm moths, mayflies, etc.), forest frogs, salmon, etc.. The salmon, which in order to reproduce offspring, not only consumes a lot of nutrients in the body, thus exhausting their strength and dying, but also risk their lives migrating to the upper reaches of the river.
Third, the chest (breast) is the second face of a woman.
1, the chest is the second face of a woman. Problems with the face, affecting the external beauty of the woman, and problems with the chest, not only beautiful, while threatening women’s lives.
2, the chest is the first of the three circumference.
(1) Chinese people focus on the face, foreigners focus on the body, so foreigners are generally more S-curve body shape than the Chinese.
(2) men look at women: 20-year-old man, look at the woman first look at the face; 30-year-old man look at the woman first look at the chest; 40-year-old man look at the woman first look at the buttocks!
Third, understand the physiology of the breast General knowledge of the physiological structure of the breast
The breast is located between the 2nd and 6th ribs in front of the chest, with the inner edge near the sternum and the outer edge reaching the anterior axillary line, the nipple is located between the 4th or 5th rib, 1CM outside the midclavicular line The external structure of the breast is mainly composed of the nipple, areola and epidermis.
The nipple is made up of dense connective tissue and smooth muscle. When mechanically stimulated, the smooth muscle contracts, causing the nipple to become erect and squeeze the milk ducts to expel its contents.
Areola: hair and glands, glands are sweat glands, sebaceous glands and mammary glands, whose sebaceous glands are also called areolar glands, secretions have the role of protecting the skin to lubricate the nipple and the baby’s mouth and lips.
The internal structure of the breast is mainly composed of glands, ducts, adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue, etc. Its internal structure is like a small tree growing upside down. The breast gland is composed of 15-20 lobes, each of which is divided into several lobules, each of which is composed of 10-100 vesicles. These vesicles are arranged in close proximity to the milk ducts, and the openings of the vesicles are connected to the milk ducts. The ducts converge to form the interlobular ducts, and the ducts converge to form the ducts of the entire lobe, also known as the milk ducts. There are 15-20 milk ducts, which are arranged in a radial pattern centered on the nipple, converging on the areola and opening on the nipple, called the milk ducts. The milk ducts are narrower at the nipple and then expand into a pot belly called the sinus of the milk duct, which is used to store milk. The opening of the ducts is lined with squamous epithelium, the narrowing is lined with displaced epithelium, the ducts below the pot belly are lined with double columnar epithelium, the terminal ducts are lined with cuboidal epithelium near the alveoli, and the alveoli are lined with cuboidal epithelium.
Glandular body: has the role of secreting milk, mainly by the glandular lobules. The number of glandular follicles affects the size of the breast.
Ducts: Also known as milk ducts or milk ducts, the ducts have the role of transporting nutrients and storing milk.
Adipose tissue: is encapsulated around the breast in a sac, forming a hemispherical whole. The amount of adipose tissue determines the size of the breast.
Connective tissue: The mammary glands are located between the superficial and deep layers of the superficial subcutaneous fascia. It is also known as the suspensory ligament, or Cooper’s ligament. It plays a supporting role for the breast. During radical breast cancer surgery, the pectoralis major fascia and muscles should be removed together. The connective tissue is combined with the chest muscles and is the tissue that suspends the breast. It is completely inelastic and once it is overstretched, the tissue will not be able to recover, thus causing the breast to sag.
In addition: the breasts are also distributed with rich blood mains, lymphatic vessels and nerves, which play a role in the nutrition and metabolism of the breast.
Fourth, the development of the breast
The pace of life continues to accelerate, many women are busy every day, almost unable to pay attention to their own health care, but also ignore the health of the breast. But women’s breasts need to be cared for throughout their lives, and in each period has its own distinctive features and care focus.
1, infancy: the entire period of infancy breasts are in a static state. But a week or so after birth, 60% of newborns have hard nodules under the nipples the size of beans, bilateral breast enlargement, and sometimes even a small amount of secretion overflow.
The principle of care: do not squeeze, do not rub, let it be. After about 3 weeks, the baby adjusts its own internal balance, the breast naturally returns to normal and enters the resting period.
2, the teenage period: breast changes: from the age of 9 – 10 years, the breast due to ovarian hormone secretion stimulation, the nucleus of the breast, and slowly increase in size, to 15 years old when the basic shape.
The principle of care : seize the opportunity to assist the development. Although the size of the breast has a lot to do with genetics, but at this time to lay a good foundation will also appear to be over the top.
3.Adulthood: Breast changes: 7 – 10 days before menstruation, the breasts are affected by the body’s estrogen swelling of the lobules of the breast, duct expansion, breast swelling and pain, until the onset of menstruation hormone levels decline, the breasts gradually recover, to 7 – 8 days after menstruation back to normal.
Care principles: a week before menstruation, stay away from spicy stimuli, try to eat light and high-fiber food, so as not to over-active hormones, aggravate the period breast swelling and pain.
4, pregnancy: breast changes: by the influence of estrogen and progesterone in the body began to increase, the degree of development of the mammary glands during pregnancy is one of the important factors in determining the amount of milk production.
Care principles: Pregnancy breast massage. After 6 months of pregnancy, the method is to hold the breast with your hand and massage from the bottom of the breast towards the nipple, while kneading the nipple to increase the toughness.
5, when breastfeeding: breast changes: 2 – 3 days after delivery, under the action of prolactin, the secretion activities of the lobules of the breast increased, alternately secreting milk, the breast quickly swollen and solid. With the establishment of regular breastfeeding, the breasts will regularly fill and empty, and then fill and empty again.
The principle of care: Milk tends to stagnate after childbirth, causing small knots in the breast and even acute mastitis. Before each breastfeeding, rub or apply a hot compress to the breast to help unblock the milk pathway.
6, after middle age: breast changes: as the ovarian secretion of hormones began to reduce, the lack of estrogen stimulation of the breast gradually atrophy, the gland is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, breast volume becomes smaller, even if the increase is also fat in the increase.
Care principles: The incidence of breast disease increases at this time, so you should have regular professional examinations. For the sudden appearance of abnormal sensations, changes in breast volume and shape, nipple overflow, etc., we should immediately consult a doctor
V. Physiological functions of the breast
Breastfeeding: The breast is the most basic physiological function of the breast. It is a unique organ for mammals to feed their offspring, and under the stimulation of a large number of hormones and the sucking of the baby after delivery, the breast produces and discharges milk regularly.
2.Second Sexual Characteristics: Breasts are an important symbol of female second sexual characteristics, a sign of the beginning of a girl’s puberty, and having a pair of full, healthy breasts is a sign of female health.
3, participate in sexual activities: in sexual life, the breast is the most sensitive organ of women other than the genitals, in touch, caress, kiss and other sexual stimulation, the breast response can be expressed as: nipple erection, breast vein congestion, swelling, etc., the breast in the entire sex life occupies an important position.
Six, the best period of breast beauty
The best period: from the 11th, 12th, 13 days of menstruation, these three days for the beauty of breast enlargement
The second best period: the 18th to 24th day, the 6 days in which the ovarian hormone that affects the fullness of the breasts is secreted in equal amounts for 24 hours, which is also the best time to stimulate the accumulation of fat and thickening of the breasts.
Next, learn about the common diseases of the breast
VII. Breast enlargement
Due to endocrine disorders, the epithelial cells of breast ducts, interstitial cells and fibrous tissue proliferate, changing the normal tissue structure and normal physiological functions of the breast. In China, cystic changes are rare, and glandular hyperplasia is the main cause, so it is mostly called mastopexy. Hyperplastic lumps are lamellar, nodular, granular or striated with unclear borders and may be painful to the touch, and they increase in size before menstruation and shrink and soften after menstruation. Periodic swelling and pain in the breast, especially before menstruation.
Eight, mastitis
1. Acute mastitis: Acute mastitis caused by the invasion of purulent bacteria into the mammary glands, this type is mainly common during lactation. The main manifestations are redness, swelling, heat, pain, swollen and painful axillary lymph nodes, pus can be extracted, and pus pockets are formed later.
2, plasma cell mastitis: non-bacterial infection, is the accumulation of fatty material in the ducts, resulting in a large number of plasma cell infiltration. It manifests as breast pain, no skin redness or swelling, indistinct lump borders and adhesion to the skin, much like breast cancer.
9.Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenoma is a benign tumor of the breast and its affiliated tissues, which is mostly related to the increase of estrogen. The lump is round or oval, painless, with smooth surface, clear border, tough texture, no adhesion with skin and surrounding tissues, easy to be pushed, slow growth rate, and not affected by menstrual cycle.
Ten, breast cysts
Breast cysts and simple cysts are common
1.Cumulative breast cysts: cysts formed by milk retention in ductal tissue due to obstruction of a duct during lactation. The lump is round or ovoid, with smooth surface, cystic feeling, clear boundary, and no adhesion to the skin with high mobility.
2 .Simple cysts: cysts formed by secretions of the breast retained in the ductal tissues. The lump is round or oval, with clear border, movable and cystic. The breast is swollen and painful before menstruation, and the lump gradually increases with the change of menstrual cycle, and the contents are bloody.
XI. Intraductal papilloma
Single or multiple occur in the dilated milk ducts near the nipple. Small lumps or nodules are found under the areola and at its edges, soft and pushable, with blood or plasma fluid overflowing when lightly pressed.
Breast cancer
This is the main symptom of breast cancer, with irregular shape and unclear boundary, which can invade the skin to a certain extent and cause dimpling of the skin, called dimple sign. In the late stage, the skin of the lump surface is ulcerated, bleeding and malodorous. The nipple is retracted, sunken, elevated compared to the opposite side, and the breast is deformed. Some patients have nipple overflow, varying degrees of vague pain or tingling, and enlarged axillary lymph nodes.
High-risk groups of breast cancer
1.Menarche earlier than 12 years old, menopause later than 55 years old or earlier than 40 years old
2.Long-term mental depression or severe mental stimulation
3, not breastfeeding, never had a child, over 35 years of age for first pregnancy or celibate and unmarried
4, no sex life, sexual indifference, poor quality of sex life
5, often internal, external use of breast enhancement products or fill in the breast with foreign objects to do breast surgery
6, a family history of cancer, especially their mothers and sisters have suffered from breast cancer
7, suffering from benign diseases of the breast: such as mastopexy, mastitis, breast fibroids.
8, long-term high-fat and low-fiber diet, frequent alcohol consumption
9, particularly obese above the waist, with a waist circumference similar to the hips.
10, abortion more than 3 times.
11.Frequent exposure to radiation.
12, one breast has suffered from breast cancer.
XIV, make the breast more beautiful food
The size of the breast depends on the amount of breast tissue and fat. Therefore, a moderate increase in the amount of fat in the chest is the most natural and healthy way to improve the degree of plumpness.
1, papaya, fish, meat and fresh milk and other foods rich in protein, can be healthy breast.
2, soy, peanuts, almonds, peaches, sesame and corn and other seeds and nuts, is an effective breast food, may wish to eat more.
3, oranges, grapes, grapefruit and tomatoes and other foods containing vitamin C, can prevent breast deformation.
4, celery, walnuts and red kidney beans and other foods containing vitamin E, help breast development.
5.Cauliflower, cauliflower, sunflower oil and other foods containing vitamin A are good for hormone secretion.
6, beef, milk, beans and pig liver containing vitamin B food, also help the synthesis of hormones.
7.Chicken stewed with milk – adding milk to tender chicken stew can have the effect of breast enlargement.