Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor that requires surgery once diagnosed. Thyroid cancer is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck that proliferates in the epithelial cells or parafollicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland, and it is also one of the malignant tumors with the fastest growing incidence in recent years. Thyroid cancer may compress the surrounding tissues and affect the patient’s functions such as swallowing and breathing. Abnormal function after thyroid cancer metastasis may cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, and once metastasis occurs, more serious consequences may occur, so once diagnosed, surgical treatment is needed as soon as possible. Surgical removal is one of the most important means of treating thyroid cancer in patients. Doctors will choose the appropriate surgical plan according to the extent of tumor invasion and the type of pathology. Most patients with early differentiated types of thyroid cancer have a better prognosis and a longer survival period. Once a patient is diagnosed with thyroid cancer, it is recommended to receive treatment and undergo surgery as early as possible to achieve early detection and treatment; if the optimal period is missed, the tumor may metastasize to other parts of the body.