Osteoarthritis of the knee is a degenerative joint disease caused by aging and other factors such as obesity and injury, resulting in abnormalities in the biochemical metabolism of articular cartilage and loss of proteoglycans, leading to localized softening, wear and tear, and structural destruction of articular cartilage, which may be accompanied by secondary osteophytes, eventually leading to joint pain and even loss of function. Clinical symptoms such as knee pain, restricted movement and joint deformity can occur. Pain occurs with activity, so middle-aged and elderly people experience pain when walking up and down stairs, walking with weight, and walking long distances, which may gradually resolve after rest. Among the causes of osteoarthritis, age is the most dangerous factor. osteoarthritis is rare before the age of 40, but after the age of 50, the incidence of the disease increases exponentially, and the prevalence of radiologically diagnosed osteoarthritis in people over 60 years old is 42% in China. This is followed by weight, with knee osteoarthritis occurring in 60% of overweight individuals over the age of 65. Thus, knee osteoarthritis is the most common cause of activity affecting the elderly. The choice of treatment options for knee osteoarthritis depends primarily on the patient’s age, the severity of the joint disease, and the patient’s physiological expectations of prognosis. The first is non-pharmacologic treatment, which is effective for mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee and includes: (1) weight reduction and strengthening of quadriceps functional exercise; (2) lifestyle changes; (3) use of assistive devices; (4) use of braces; and (5) physical therapy. The second is pharmacological treatment, effective for mild to moderate, including: ① anti-inflammatory drugs such as the new generation of anti-inflammatory drugs – COX-2 specific inhibitors; ② oral chondroprotective agents such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate; ③ supplemental mucosal injections such as intra-articular hyaluronate injections; ④ intra-articular steroid injections. The third is surgical treatment, including: ① knee arthroscopic cleanup, which is suitable for mild to moderate osteoarthritis and has better results for meniscal damage type and free body type osteoarthritis; ② cartilage repair, the technology is not fully mature; ③ osteotomy, which is suitable for mild to moderate osteoarthritis with knee internal and external rotation; ④ knee arthroplasty, which is suitable for severe knee osteoarthritis, including unicondylar and total knee arthroplasty. In the process of selecting the above graded treatment plan, first of all, the doctor should do a good job of patient education and counseling. The doctor should convince the patient that most patients with osteoarthritis, who are able to carry on a normal life, can reduce their symptoms and improve their functions by taking a series of simple and effective measures, such as rest and exercise, pain medication, physical therapy and weight reduction. Patients should be encouraged to change their lifestyle and exercise patterns and avoid inappropriate activities that can aggravate joint degeneration. Secondly, better cooperation from the patient is needed, especially in weight reduction and functional rehabilitation, and only with full cooperation from the patient can the treatment be achieved. Third, the doctor should fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of various treatments and explain to the patient the precautions to be taken during the treatment. For example, the application of pain medication should be proportional, as excessive application can cause excessive knee movement and aggravate joint degeneration, as well as the risk of causing peptic ulcers. Intra-articular injection of hormones may cause infection, excessive use of the joint, resulting in imbalance of cartilage nutrition and hormone tiny crystals have an abrasive effect on cartilage, the number of injections should not exceed 3 times in 1 year. The treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee is a difficult project, the key is early diagnosis, patient education and timely targeted graded treatment, which requires a comprehensive treatment plan for different patients. Although the disease cannot be cured yet, through better cooperation between doctors and patients, the goal of reducing pain, maintaining and improving function, reducing disability, improving quality of life, and possibly slowing down the progression of the disease can be achieved.