Tubular atrophic lesion, or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), is a common primary glomerular disease in children and adults with nephrotic syndrome (NS). It is characterized histopathologically by segmental glomerular scarring with or without intra-glomerular capillary foam cell formation and adhesions. Focal means that only part of the glomerulus is involved (50% of the glomerulus is involved); segmental means that part of the glomerular lobules are involved; and glomerulosclerosis means staged glassy changes or scarring of the entire glomerulus. Pathological features are mostly associated with tubular atrophy lesions and interstitial fibrosis. The clinical course of tubular atrophy lesions is highly variable, and the course of the disease varies, so prevention should start with one’s own health, avoid strain, reasonable diet, scientific exercise, enhance physical fitness, and improve the immunity of the body to prevent the occurrence of the disease. For patients who have suffered from and developed complications, active and effective prevention and treatment of the original disease and complications should be carried out. If an infection is detected, antibiotics that are sensitive to the causative organism, strong and non-nephrotoxic should be used for treatment in a timely manner, and those with clear foci of infection should be removed as soon as possible. When the plasma albumin concentration is found to be lower than 20g/L, it indicates the existence of hypercoagulable state, and preventive anticoagulation therapy should be started. Urokinase or streptokinase systemic or local thrombolysis should be given as early as possible (best within 6h, but still expected to be effective within 3 days) in combination with anticoagulation therapy for those who have thrombosis or embolism. Complicated acute renal failure can be life-threatening if not treated properly, and most patients can be expected to recover with timely and proper treatment.