To determine whether chemotherapy is effective, we need to look at the improvement of patients’ symptoms and imaging results, for example: 1. If the disease is relatively stable, it means chemotherapy is effective; 3. For advanced tumors, generally surgery or radiotherapy cannot be carried out, the application of chemotherapy also requires monitoring of tumor indicators and imaging examinations to understand whether there is any disease progression and whether the original tumor and metastatic lesions have shrunk; if it remains relatively stable or shrunk, it means chemotherapy is effective. Chemotherapy is a common anti-tumor treatment method, which can be divided into postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy and palliative chemotherapy for advanced tumors.