1, the stoma should be chosen where the patient can see and can reach with his hands, no discomfort when sitting, standing, lying or tilting left or right. Below the umbilicus, the left and right position of the rectus abdominis muscle against the outer edge, away from the bone elevation, away from the scar or belly button and the fold and depression of the skin, and should not be done on the horizontal line of the belt. 2. The colostomy is usually opened 1-3 days after surgery. The color of normal stoma is beef red or pink, and the surface is smooth and moist. Attention should be paid to the color of the intestinal mucosa of the stoma, whether the stoma has retraction, bleeding or necrosis, etc. Observe the function of the stoma and the excretion situation. 3.Protect the skin around the stoma: At the early stage of stoma opening, the stool is thin and irritating to the skin, easily causing skin erosion. After each bowel movement, the skin around the stoma should be washed with warm water immediately and coated with stoma powder or skin protective film for protection. 4.Replacement of stoma bag: preparation of materials: stoma bag, stoma powder, skin protection film, anti-leakage cream, transparent paste, scissors, towels, warm water, paper towels, cotton swabs, etc. Operation method: (1) the stoma bag chassis cut into the appropriate size, 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the stoma, the cut is too small, the stoma under pressure, affecting blood circulation; cut is too large, excrement contact with the skin, easy to corrode the skin causing ulceration. At the same time, the size of the cutout is changed with the size of the stoma. (2) Gently wipe away the secretions from the stoma and surrounding skin with paper towels, disinfect the stoma mucosa with saline swabs, gently scrub the surrounding skin with warm water, and air dry. (3) Apply stoma powder around the stoma, taking care not to overdo it and not to oversize the area, otherwise it will affect the adhesion firmness of the sump. Apply anti-leakage cream around the stoma with a width of no more than 25px. The anti-leakage cream is sticky and can be applied evenly by pressing with a small amount of water with the plastic stick that comes with it. Apply skin protection film evenly on the skin around the stoma and leave to dry for 5 seconds. (4) Tear off the paper of the stoma chassis, cut the mouth to align with the stoma, set into the stoma, use the palm of your hand to moderate force to lightly press the stoma chassis, so that it is flat and evenly sticky solid, available palm cover for 5 minutes in winter, can make the chassis of the adhesive softening sticky more firmly. Early post-operative patients lying down, the stoma bag should be horizontal paste; out of bed activities, the stoma bag vertical paste. (5) The skin around the stoma should not be cleaned or disinfected with alkaline soap, alcohol, iodine, iodophor and other liquids, as they are irritating and can easily lead to dry and damaged skin. (6) When the excrement in the stoma bag is 1/3 full, it should be discharged in time, and the lower end of the stoma bag can be properly cleaned to maintain hygiene. (7) When uncovering the stoma bag, press the skin slightly above the stoma bag with one hand, and gently uncover the bag from the top down with the other hand, not too fast or too much force to prevent skin damage. (8) skin care around the stoma is very important, if improper care, it is easy to cause skin complications around the stoma, increasing the patient’s pain, aggravating the economic burden and prolonging the hospital stay, so we must pay great attention to the care of the skin. 5. Dilation: The purpose is to prevent stoma stenosis. Method: Start dilation of the stoma with fingers 1 week after surgery, 2-3 times a week for 5-10 minutes each time for 3 months, and 1 time a week after 6 months. Wear gloves or finger gloves, apply paraffin oil, and gradually insert the index finger deeper along the intestinal cavity with gentle movements and avoid using violence to avoid damaging the stoma or intestinal tube. 6. Dietary guidance: Before the intestinal function is completely restored to normal, the diet will gradually transition from liquid to soft food and grasp the principle of eating less and more meals. As the intestinal function completely returns to normal, give high protein, high calorie, high vitamin diet, diet should be regular and quantitative, regular, balanced nutrition. Avoid foods that are easy to produce gas and odor, such as beans, cabbage, onions, radishes, sweet potatoes, garlic, etc. Drinking more yogurt or skim milk can reduce odor. Reduce the consumption of coarse fiber foods, such as leeks, celery, etc., to avoid dry stools are not easy to discharge. 7, life guidance: (1) loose, fat clothing is appropriate, the belt is loose, so as not to compress the stoma. (2) You can take a bath and wash your body and stoma in the shower. Neutral soap will not stimulate the stoma and water will not flow into the stoma. (3) As long as your energy allows, you can take a walk, do exercises and other soothing sports in the early postoperative period, and after you have fully recovered, you can gradually increase the amount of activity to the original amount before surgery. Do not overexert yourself. (4) When the odor of the stoma bag is large, you can use the stoma bag with carbon tablets, which can adsorb the odor. (5) If there is any abnormality, follow up promptly.