Cerebral hypoplasia, mental retardation and cerebral palsy belong to the category of five delays, five soft and five hard diseases in Chinese medicine.
(1) The five delays are a kind of brain disease with delayed brain development, which refers to delayed standing, delayed walking, delayed teeth, delayed speech and delayed hair. And the proposed name of the disease.
As early as the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a record of “walking late” in the “Cranial Chimney Classic”, ‘Sui? Chao Yuanda’s “Treatise on the Origin of Diseases” also has the descriptions of “teeth not growing” and “unable to walk for several years”. In the “Treatise on the Origin of the Diseases”, there are also the categories of “the teeth do not grow”, “unable to walk for several years”, “hair does not grow”, “unable to speak for four or five years”, etc. Song? The “Taiping Shenghui Fang” further records the treatment prescriptions for “late speech”, “late walking”, “late hair” and “no growth of teeth”. The prescriptions for the treatment of symptoms such as “late speech”, “late movement”, “late hair”, and “no growth of teeth” were further recorded in the “Taiping Shenghui Fang”. The “General Microbiology of Pediatric Health” that “the heart is timid, it is demented and late to speak, the hair is not born for a long time, born is not black; the heart is the main blood, the hair is the residue of blood, timid is not born for a long time. The heart is tied to the tongue, timid is also late speech ……”, a more detailed discussion of the pathogenesis of the disease. Five late as the official name of the disease, is the evolution of Wu Qian and other people collectively compiled the “Medical Zong Jinjian”, the author of all the treatises on late evidence of all the schools in the past generations together, and “five late” disease crown name. It is pointed out that “most of the illnesses are caused by the weakness of parents’ qi and blood and congenital deficiency”. The Qing Dynasty? Zhang Lu in “Zhang’s Medical General” also clearly pointed out: “five late, standing late, walking late, late teeth, late hair, late speech is also.” He believes that “the kidney is the master of bone, teeth for the rest of the bone, the hair of the kidney glory. If the teeth for a long time not born, born and not solid; hair for a long time not born, born is not black, are fetal weakness, by the parents are not enough essence and blood, the kidney weakness can not be glorified and natural. If long can not stand, standing and bone soft, big can not walk, walk is tendon soft, all liver and kidney qi and blood is not full, tendons and bones thin reason” “Spring and Autumn latitude Yuan life Pod” cloud “brain is in also, human essence in the brain” brain for the sea of marrow, can be seen that the sea of marrow is not enough can cause brain dysplasia and clinical five late symptoms, so five late is classified as a brain disease.
The cause of the disease is not only the congenital factor and the acquired deficiency, but also the two aspects of the etiological mechanism of the disease, some from the heart, liver and kidney deficiency, some from the heart and spleen deficiency, some think that the fetal endowment is not enough, and some think that the regulation is not appropriate, but the general is not only the congenital factor and the acquired factor.
A congenital factors: refers to the fetus endowment deficiency or by adverse stimulation. If the parents are physically weak, the essence of exhaustion. If the fetus is not well endowed, or if the mother is frightened and the evil energy takes advantage of the heart, or if the fetus is injured by a fall, the fetus may suffer from a lack of endowment, the liver and kidneys may be damaged by the fingerprints, and the essence and blood may not be injected into the muscles and bones.
Insufficiency of the second nature: The child suffers from a lack of proper care, unbalanced diet, inappropriate treatment due to illnesses, or the effects of medicine or injuries caused by a fall, resulting in the loss of vital organs, deficiency of qi and blood, and the loss of moistening of the tendons in all the veins.
Because the innate endowment is born in the innate, and the innate depends on the postnatal nourishment, the innate deficiency, the postnatal endowment weak, the postnatal does not fill, the innate dry up. Therefore, the congenital factor and the postnatal deficiency both affect each other. The disease involves five different organs belonging to different, various late evidence of the characteristics of the disease mechanism are also different: (a) the establishment of late, the line of late.
(a) Late in standing and late in walking: the liver is the master of tendons and the kidney is the master of bones. If the liver and kidney are deficient, the tendons and bones will be impotent and weak. As “Taiping Shenghui Fang” says: “Children are late in walking. This is because of the deficiency of liver and kidney, resulting in weak bones and weak tendons, so the child is slow in walking.
(B) late teeth: the kidney is the main bone, bone marrow, teeth for the bone work. Kidney deficiency, the marrow can not fill the teeth and bones, so the teeth are not born for a long time. Therefore, the “standard rules of evidence and treatment” said: “children endowed with kidney deficiency, can not be on the camp, and the marrow deficiency can not fill the bone, and can and teeth.
(C) late speech: the sound of the heart for speech. Insufficient heart qi, although the growth to the time of the combined language, but also can not speak as scheduled, but for the language of late. In addition, after the disease, the deficit, or spleen and stomach weakness, can lead to late speech.
(D) hair late: hair for the blood of the remainder, the kidney seedlings, if the kidney loss, liver blood deficiency, qi and blood weakness, no to glory hair, so the hair late. As “piece of jade heart book” said: “children’s hair for a long time not born, although not black and thin, this is due to kidney failure, then the blood is insufficient.
(5) delay can be scattered and seen, but also can be combined and coexist, look into the cause of the five late, not away from the heart, liver, spleen and kidney organs, are related to the congenital and acquired, cover the fetal conception period, all rely on the kidney essence of the full nourishment, essence into the marrow, essence enough to fill the brain, now the congenital parents endowment is insufficient.
(2) The five softnesses refer to the evidence of impotence and weakness of the head, arms and legs, muscles and mouth due to deficiency of the spleen and kidneys and deficiency of qi and blood caused by the lack of congenital endowment or the disorder of the acquired nature. It is commonly known as “soft palsy” and is a disorder of growth and development in childhood, mostly seen in young children within five or six years of age.
Most of the medical books before the Song Dynasty did not discuss the name of the disease, and most of the doctors included it in the comprehensive discussion of diseases such as “fetal weakness”, “fetal weakness”, or late evidence. The name of “five softnesses” was first seen in the book “The Book of the Living Young Heart” by Zeng Shirong in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was pointed out that “head, neck, hands, feet and body softness are called five softnesses”. It is also distinguished from “fetal weakness”, “fetal weakness” and “late evidence”. The content of the “five softnesses” discussed by many doctors in the future also varies. For example, in The Hundred Questions for Infants, it means “soft head, soft neck, soft hands, soft feet, soft mouth, and soft muscles”; in The Golden Guide to Medicine, it means “soft head, soft hands, soft feet, soft mouth, and soft muscles”; and in The Integration of Young Children, it means “soft head, soft body, soft mouth, soft muscles, and soft hands and feet”. The book of “Young Children’s Integration” refers to “soft head, soft body, soft mouth, soft muscles, soft hands and soft feet.” Although the discussion varies, but all inseparable from the head, item, hands, feet, muscles, mouth these parts.
Many medical practitioners of all generations believe that the causes of the five softnesses are closely related to congenital deficiency, brain marrow deficiency, and essence deficiency, as in “Ling Shu? Hai Lun” cloud: “Sea of marrow deficiency, then …… tibia impotence vertigo”, clearly pointed out the relationship between the five soft and brain marrow deficiency. And in the “evidence and treatment of the standard” is proposed: “mother Qi deficiency will be lean and thin meat, father essence deficiency will solve the cranium, eye white more”. This means that the five softnesses are caused by congenital deficiency. The “Summary of Infant Protection” believes that the head is soft because “the internal organs, bones and veins are deficient, and all the Qi is insufficient”. It is suggested that the formation of this disease is related to the deficiency of the essence of the internal organs. In summary, it can be seen that the disease is caused by the above-mentioned factors, resulting in brain displacement, brain with a brain disease is not healthy.
The main etiological mechanisms of the five softnesses are.
(a) congenital endowment deficiency: the occurrence of this disease, mainly due to parental weakness, essence and blood deficiency, or maternal pregnancy due to disease and miscellaneous drugs, damage to the fetal body, resulting in the loss of nourishment, so that the fetus congenital endowment deficiency, after birth due to liver and kidney deficiency, qi and blood deficiency can not properly feed the development of the five soft.
(2) Acquired weakness of the spleen and stomach: acquired weakness of the spleen and stomach, Qi and blood biochemistry is not full, resulting in weakness and inability to resist evil, for evil offenses and disease. The “Baby Protection Summary” cloud: “soft hands and feet, the spleen is the main limbs, is the lack of Qi in the state, can not nourish the limbs, so the meat less skin wide, diet is not for the skin also ……”. Or as the “evidence of treatment standard? Young Branch” pointed out: “This or typhoid or vomiting or diarrhea, take advantage of the deficiency of evil toxins, penetrate into the liver veins, invaded by heat, the foot causes the tendons to be soft and long or hands and feet soft and can not lift, or the neck and neck soft and can not lift”. It can be seen that the spleen and stomach deficiencies, the lack of healthy transportation and biochemical lack of sources of qi and blood, so that infants and children in the growth and development period, qi and blood is not full and the young body is not nourished, it is easy to have this disease.
In conclusion, the causes of the five softnesses in children are closely related to the weakness of the congenital endowment, lack of essence, lack of health of the spleen and stomach, deficiency of qi and blood, as well as improper care of the infant during the infant period and loss of nourishment of the young body.
(3) Five stiffnesses refer to the symptoms of head, neck, chest, abdomen, hands, feet and muscles stiffness and unfavorable flexion and extension due to insufficient endowment, deficiency of yang, or inappropriate regulation and care, and external attack of cold evil. This disease is common in the cold season and is most common in infants born prematurely and weak or with other disorders, and is one of the common disorders in newborns.
The name of “five stiffnesses” was first published in Ming? The Hundred Questions for Infants and Children? Volume 3: “Five hardnesses are difficult to move when the head is tilted to get gas, and the gas is congested and painful, even between the chest and diaphragm, and the heart of the hands and feet is as cold and hard, this is a wind disease difficult to treat”, head and neck hardness, chest and diaphragm hardness, hand hardness, foot hardness and heart and abdomen hardness; the content of the five hardnesses is not consistent, but it is also basically called according to the classification of the above disease; Qing? The “Young Children’s Integration” is called the five hardnesses: hardness of the hands, hardness of the feet, hardness of the waist, hardness of the flesh, and hardness of the neck. The medical compendium? The main cause of this disease is considered to be “cold in the fetus of a child”. This is really insightful. Five hard” points out the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease, and believes that “this evidence from the liver and spleen two organs suffer from the disease, when the spleen to pacify the liver”, Xun is an empirical theory.
In short, Wu stiffness is a disease that occurs when the limbs are not warmed by Yang energy. Su Wen? The “Biology of Qi” says: “Yang Qi is like the sky and the sun, losing its place will break life and not manifest. The “Su Wen Ji Bu” says: “Shen Qi, the Yang Qi of the five organs”, and the brain is the house of the Yuan Shen, so the five hardnesses belong to the category of brain disease.
The disease is mostly caused by the lack of endowment, Yang Qi deficiency, Yang Qi deficiency, or inappropriate regulation, cold attack, so that the skin is not warmed by Yang Qi.
A. Yang deficiency: maternal weakness during pregnancy, or twin births, premature birth, and congenital Rin Bin deficiency, Yang deficiency; or after birth, feeling other diseases, Yang loss, so that Yang can not warm the skin, Ying in the four end and the onset.
Second, cold blood stagnation: cold stagnation, endowment Bin deficiency, weakness, or cold climate, the inappropriate care, resulting in cold attack, closed the coup, Yang Qi is not far, limbs lost in the warm shine and disease.
Third, liver wood multiplied by the spleen: the spleen is the main limbs, the main muscles, improper regulation, the Yang deficiency report, wood multiplied by the earth position, tendons and veins out of harmony, resulting in the loss of glory of the four ends and morbidity.
In short, the five hardnesses are caused by the lack of innate endowment or the lack of regulation and care of the limbs, resulting in the loss of Yang warmth. The deficiency of Yang is the root of the disease, and the external attack of cold is the symptom, while the main deficiency is in the liver, spleen and kidney.