Relevant data show that the global colorectal cancer incidence is 1360,602 cases, ranking 3rd in malignant tumors after lung cancer and breast cancer; the world colorectal cancer death rate is 693,881 cases, ranking 4th in malignant tumors after lung cancer, liver cancer and stomach cancer. The proportion of colorectal cancer incidence and death in the world increases with time, and the overall trend is that men are higher than women, developed regions are higher than less developed regions, and urban areas are higher than rural areas. What is the best surgical treatment method for rectal cancer? Surgery for rectal cancer: it is the preferred treatment method for early rectal cancer and has obvious therapeutic effect. Surgery for rectal cancer can also be used for patients with no contraindication to surgery in the middle and late stages, which can remove the metastases of rectal cancer, but the efficacy is not ideal. Surgical treatment of rectal cancer is prone to recurrence and metastasis in both early and mid- to late-stage rectal cancer. Postoperative combined with biological immunotherapy, using autoimmune cells for anti-cancer treatment, can effectively consolidate the effect of surgery and effectively prevent cancer metastasis and recurrence. I. “Miles surgery”, i.e. perineal combined with radical rectal cancer surgery, is mainly applicable to the following cases: 1. Those with good general condition and important organ function to tolerate surgery. 2.Anal canal cancer. 3.Progressive rectal cancer, infiltrative diffuse growth, mucinous adenocarcinoma or young patients without distant organ metastasis. 4.Progressive rectal cancer, although it is limited type or differentiated cancer, but the lymph nodes have obvious metastasis, or there is obvious infiltration around the cancer, this surgery should also be performed. 5.Progressive rectal cancer, limited type, but located in the lower rectum (within 6 cm of the anal verge), radical surgery should be performed to remove the distal intestinal canal and surrounding tissues of the cancer, and the resection must include the anal raphe. Second, “Dixon surgery” is the low anterior rectal resection, or transabdominal rectal cancer resection. At present, this is the most used radical rectal cancer surgery, generally applicable to the cancer is more than 5cm from the dentate line, the distal cutting edge is more than 2cm from the lower edge of the cancer, in order to be able to cure and remove the cancer as the principle. Since the anastomosis is located near the dentate line, the patient will have more bowel movements and poor bowel control for a period of time after surgery. In recent years, J-shaped colonic pouch has been used for anastomosis in the lower rectum or anus, which can improve the stool control function and reduce the number of bowel movements in the near future. Whether to prepare a J-shaped colonic storage bag is mainly based on the residual rectal length; with a residual rectal length of less than 3 cm, the J-shaped storage bag with rectal anastomosis has better bowel control than rectal anastomosis within one year after surgery. This procedure is less damaging and can preserve the original anus, which is more ideal. If the cancer is large in size and has infiltrated the surrounding tissues, it is not suitable. Third, “hartmann surgery”, which is transabdominal rectal cancer resection, proximal stoma and distal closure surgery, is suitable for patients with rectal cancer who cannot tolerate Miles surgery or Dixon surgery due to poor general condition or acute obstruction. In conclusion, there are various surgical methods for radical rectal cancer treatment, but the classic surgical procedures are still Miles surgery and Dixon surgery. With the improvement of laparoscopic technology and instruments, laparoscopic rectal cancer resection is also developing. This minimally invasive surgery has the advantages of small trauma, short hospital stay, fast postoperative recovery and small abdominal wall scars, and for malignant tumors, laparoscopic surgery can also achieve the purpose of radical cure.