Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a recurrent paroxysmal pain that occurs in the linguopharynx and deep ears. Weisenburg first reported the clinical manifestations of this disease in 1910, and in 1921 Harris proposed that glossopharyngeal neuralgia was a separate cranial neuralgia. The incidence is about 2% of that of trigeminal neuralgia. The disease usually occurs after the age of 40 years, and there is no significant difference in the incidence between men and women. Left-sided pain is more common than right-sided, with bilateral pain accounting for about 2% of cases. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is confined to the area innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and the auricular and pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve, namely the posterior pharyngeal wall, tonsillar fossa, tongue root and deep external auditory canal, etc. It may radiate to the external ear, temporal, mastoid, mandible, tongue side and gingiva. The trigger points are mostly located at the root of the tongue, tonsils or pharynx, so the pain is often induced when doing actions such as opening the mouth, extending the tongue, talking and laughing, eating, yawning or coughing. Patients are extremely cautious when doing these actions for fear of triggering the pain, thus affecting daily activities such as drinking and eating. During severe attacks, patients may sometimes experience coughing, laryngospasm, and increased ipsilateral salivation. The nature of the pain is similar to that of trigeminal neuralgia. The pain is cut, stabbed, or electroshock-like in nature, with sudden onset and intensity, mostly without aura, with several or dozens of episodes per day. In most cases, there are distinct seizure and resting periods. At the beginning of the disease, the resting period can often last for months or years, but does not heal on its own. Later, the attacks become more frequent, and in severe cases, the pain is severe throughout the day. About 10% of cases may develop vagal glossopharyngeal syncope, which is an episode of bradycardia, rhythm disturbance, hypotension, syncope, convulsions, or even cardiac arrest. About 10% of the cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia are combined with trigeminal neuralgia, and some patients may also have supraglottic neuralgia. Patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia can be treated with nerve blocks in the pain department.