The main lesion of rheumatoid arthritis is the proliferation and inflammation of the synovial membrane in the joint. The synovial membrane of the lesion is constantly proliferating and exuding inflammatory fluid due to the immune response, which corrodes the cartilage and causes the cartilage to continuously destroy and fall off, resulting in a vicious cycle of joint movement impairment. Drug treatment is to block the process of immune response, so that the lesion stops. However, due to individual differences in medication, some patients are still unable to fully control the disease after several months, and the joints are repeatedly swollen and painful with limited movement, which is very painful. Increasing the dosage and course of treatment may result in more adverse drug reactions. At this point, how to further treatment is the concern of both patients and doctors. Currently, due to the continuous progress of medical technology, arthroscopic surgical techniques and knowledge have been improved to benefit rheumatoid arthritis patients. When rheumatoid arthritis (especially in large joints such as the knee and ankle) cannot be effectively controlled by medication for about 3 months, arthroscopic subsurface synovectomy can be performed in orthopedics to remove the diseased synovial membrane, which can bring the joint lesion under control quickly and may inhibit the recurrence of the lesion in the long term. This is a minimally invasive procedure, but it is effective, has a rapid recovery, is basically bed-free after surgery, and is very reproducible with no major impact on the patient’s whole body. The orthopedic department of our hospital has received good results since the late 1990s when this procedure was introduced. The development of this treatment has helped to reduce the probability of joint failure in rheumatoid arthritis. It has been a boon to patients.