Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and poses a significant risk to human health. There are about 5 million epileptic patients in China, and a large proportion of them do not receive standardized treatment. Due to the continuous synthesis of new antiepileptic drugs and the popularity of antiepileptic drug monitoring, if epileptic patients can take regular medication under the guidance of a specialist, 70% to 80% of patients can have their seizures completely controlled or significantly reduced after treatment, and can resume normal work, life or study. However, 20% to 30% of patients have difficulty controlling their seizures despite regular medication, resulting in frequent seizures for a long period of time, leading to varying degrees of mental or psychosocial impairment, which brings serious economic and mental burdens to families and society. Some of these are suitable for treatment with surgery. Surgery should be actively considered if you have: 1. Seizures cannot be controlled by medication (at least two years of regular treatment with blood levels in the therapeutic range) or there are severe side effects from medication. 2. The seizures are caused by pathological brain diseases that can be removed: e.g. scar tissue, brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations, brain parasites, softening lesions, inflammatory lesions (brain abscess) or birth injuries. The lesions are limited, well localized, and not located in important functional areas such as language center, memory center, sensory-motor center, etc. 3. The seizures are frequent, averaging more than 2-4 times per month and significantly affecting the quality of life. 4. Partial seizures always start from the same part of the brain (limited seizure lesions). The seizure discharges spread from local to whole brain. 5. Seizures that are severe enough to potentially cause life-threatening effects on the patient. It is generally accepted that patients whose seizures cannot be controlled after 3 different consecutive antiepileptic drug treatments need to be evaluated for a comprehensive epilepsy treatment procedure. The final decision as to whether surgery is possible or appropriate must be made by a specialized evaluation team.