Azoospermia is a specific disease that affects fertility, including obstructive azoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia, of which about 60-70% are non-obstructive azoospermia. Non-obstructive azoospermia refers to the presence of abnormal spermatogenesis in the testes, with normal sperm ducts, and the inability to conceive naturally to produce their own offspring. Some patients with non-obstructive azoospermia can be treated to produce a small amount of sperm to produce their own offspring through IVF (treatment efficiency 7-10%). Most patients with non-obstructive azoospermia can now have their own offspring through the minimally invasive technique of microscopic sperm retrieval from the testes, and approximately 40% of patients can have their sperm retrieved through the 1 sperm injection 1 egg technique of IVF. When people hear that a knife is being used on the testicles, they have some fears about the effect on their sexual function, and often patients ask what the risks of this procedure are. What are the surgical complications of the minimally invasive microscopic sperm retrieval technique of the testicles? 1. Does microscopic sperm retrieval minimally invasive technique of testicles have any effect on sexual function? Microscopic sperm extraction of the testicles has basically no effect on sexual function because we are purposefully taking spermatogenic tubules that may be sperm, the sample size is relatively small, but the probability of obtaining sperm is greatly increased. 2.What about the risk of this procedure? The procedure is minimally invasive and most patients bleed no more than 2ml, with minimal impact on the body. 3. What are the surgical complications of the minimally invasive technique of testicular microsperm extraction? Most of the patients have no special discomfort after the operation. About 10-20% of them will have post-operative pain, which will usually be reduced or disappear gradually in 1-2 days. Other post-operative infections, hematomas, testicular syringomyelia, and testicular atrophy are relatively rare.