Gallbladder polyps are not really scary and most patients do not need treatment. What we need to do is to look at it, face it, and treat it appropriately. We should not simply operate on every patient with gallbladder polyps, but we should not ignore certain polyps that have malignant potential either. For patients without high-risk factors, we recommend abdominal ultrasound examination every 6 months to 1 year, and if there is no significant change, no special treatment is needed. For patients with high-risk factors, active surgical treatment is recommended, including both laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. For patients with benign polyp lesions, laparoscopic resection should be chosen, whereas for polyps with preoperative imaging that have been determined to be malignant, open cholecystectomy should be chosen. In addition, a frozen biopsy of the resected gallbladder should be performed during surgery, and if it is confirmed that the gallbladder cancer has invaded the muscular layer, an extended radical resection of the gallbladder cancer should be continued, including wedge resection of the hepatic S4/5 (gallbladder bed) and removal of the hilar lymph nodes. In adenomyosis, because of the risk of malignancy and the difficulty in differentiating it from malignant lesions, surgery should be performed as early as possible in patients with a long course, recurrent attacks, irregular thickening of the cystic wall, and segmental forms over 60 years of age. The surgical principles are the same as before, and intraoperative rapid frozen pathology should also be performed to exclude the possibility of malignancy. Patients with suspected adenomyosis who do not undergo surgery for the time being should also be closely followed up and reviewed regularly to avoid delaying treatment.