Children with painful urination should be aware of the following conditions: first, note whether the child has a history of trauma, resulting in damage to the urethra. Second, the child’s perineum should be carefully examined to see if there is localized eczema, diaper rash, allergies and other causes. Third, it is important to note that infection is the most common factor, especially girls are prone to external urinary tract infections, and boys who have a prepuce or a long foreskin are also prone to urinary tract infections that cause pain during urination. Regardless of the cause, painful urination must take the child to the hospital to see the pediatric outpatient clinic or pediatric renal specialist clinic, to use a clean plastic cup to retain fresh urine, to the hospital to do routine urinalysis, if necessary, also need to do urine culture and other tests, according to the outpatient clinic examination and the results of the laboratory tests, targeted medication.