Monomorphic B-cell PTLD mainly refers to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Monomorphic B-cell PTLD is the most serious complication as a result of organ and cell transplantation, but the disease is not an independent disease, but mainly consists of a variety of forms of the disease as well as related syndromes, which are clinically categorized into three main types, such as infectious mononucleosis, polyclonal B-cell proliferation, and monoclonal B-cell proliferation. Monomorphic B-cell PTLD has different characteristics from the lymphoproliferative disorders occurring in the general population, and it is now statistically found that the majority of patients are likely to be patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, with most of them belonging to large cell lymphoma. If monomorphic B-cell PTLD is found, immunotherapy, such as anti-B-cell antibody, mainly with monoclonal antibody rituximab, should be carried out as soon as possible, and the specific medication should be strictly in accordance with the doctor’s instructions.