According to epidemiological surveys, there are currently 200 million hypertensive patients in China, and there are two hypertensive patients in every 10 people, and the incidence is continuing to rise. Hypertension has a high incidence, high disability and high mortality rate. The awareness rate is low, the treatment rate is low, and the control rate is low at 50% 40% 10%, respectively. Studies have shown that in Chinese people, blood pressure exceeding 135/85 mmHg for a long period of time can be damaging. The diagnostic standard for hypertension is 140/90mmHg. the ideal blood pressure level is 120/80mmHg. so what damage does long-term hypertension do to the human body? From a clinical point of view blood pressure is mainly damage to the blood vessels, there are short-term blood pressure caused by high acute damage and long-term slow rise in chronic damage caused by the different two cases. 1, the damage to blood vessels: hypertension caused by vascular pathological changes in the early stages of the systemic spasm of small arteries, the gradual development of small arteries, resulting in subintimal vitreous degeneration, small arterial lumen narrowing, and finally the occurrence of necrosis of the blood vessel wall fibers, resulting in atherosclerosis, which reduces the blood supply of many organs and lesions, especially the heart, brain and kidney damage. The stenosis or plaque shedding formed by atherosclerosis is the cause of ischemia and infarction of important organs such as heart, brain, kidney and lung, which can be determined by carotid ultrasound or fundus examination. If it is peripheral vascular disease can cause vascular sclerosis of the extremities and lead to insufficient blood supply to the limbs. Peripheral vascular sclerosis: about 2% to 5% of patients with hypertension have intermittent claudication: this is due to ischemia in the lower limbs, and painful sensations occur after walking for a period of time due to insufficient blood supply to the limbs, and the walking has to be terminated. Hypertension on the human blood vessels of this damage is formed after more than a decade, or even decades of slow development, at first there are often no symptoms, often can not attract people’s attention, such as the emergence of symptoms, it is already very serious, this serious atherosclerosis is difficult to reverse . Therefore, patients with hypertension should not take high blood pressure lightly, and control hypertension as early as possible in the early stages to prevent the development of serious atherosclerosis. In addition to small arterial lesions, it can also lead to thickening, calcification, hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels of the large arteries; thickening of the vessel walls and narrowing of the lumen of the small arteries also occur. The narrowing of the large and small arteries is an important reason why it is difficult to lower the stubborn hypertension to normal after using many antihypertensive drugs. Microangiomas can also form in the brain, which can easily rupture and bleed or become blocked. Sudden death can also occur due to rupture and bleeding of hemangiomas in areas where blood vessels are weak under sudden elevated pressure. Severe sclerosis of the peripheral limb vessels leading to narrowing can lead to weakness in walking, coldness, numbness and pain in the limbs, as well as being a cause of secondary hypertension, leading to stubborn blood pressure that is difficult to lower. It can be detected by doing vascular ultrasound of the limbs as well as arterial function tests. Last year, there was a case of cerebral artery entrapment in a patient who had a severe headache and dizziness. He was hospitalized for one month after the stenting operation at the People’s Hospital in our province and his headache disappeared, but he came to me with severe dizziness, which disappeared after treatment with Chinese herbal medicine. However, arterial entrapment mainly occurs in the aorta from the heart to the abdomen, and is a hematoma formed when blood in the aortic lumen enters the middle layer of the aortic wall through a break in the intima. Depending on the location of the lesion, the main manifestations of aortic coarctation are as follows: (1) Pain: When coarctation occurs suddenly, most patients feel sudden pain in the chest, radiating to the chest and back, which can extend to the abdomen, lower extremities, wall and neck depending on the extent of coarctation. The pain is severe and unbearable, reaching a peak immediately after the onset of the disease, and is cut or torn like severe pain. In a few cases, the pain can be absent if the onset is slow. (2) Hypertension: Patients have the appearance of shock due to severe pain, anxiety, profuse sweating, pale face, accelerated heart rate, but blood pressure is often not low or increased, such as episcleral rupture and bleeding, blood pressure decreases rapidly, rapid shock, too late to send to the hospital for resuscitation and death. The examination is mainly done by 64-row CT angiography of the aorta to determine. I have seen many such patients roll back and forth on the ground in unbearable pain at the onset of the disease. 2, damage to the heart: the heart is like a pump, blood pressure is formed by the heart diastolic contraction, after playing blood into the blood vessels, pushing blood flow in the blood vessels, the resulting pressure. Hypertension early heart no obvious changes. (1) Long-term arterial pressure increases, especially diastolic pressure rises, resulting in increased load on the left ventricular ejection, gradually occurring compensatory hypertrophy of the left ventricle, myocardial hypertrophy can lead to arrhythmias occurring premature beats and other patients can feel panic, heartbeat. Further development leads to the most enlarged heart, called hypertensive heart disease, eventually leading to heart failure patients can feel weakness leg swelling, shortness of breath and weakness after exertion, and even a little activity is shortness of breath and panic. (2) Long-term hypertension often has the heart of the coronary artery atherosclerosis and microvascular disease narrowing, resulting in myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris manifested as chest tightness and chest pain, or blood vessel blockage and myocardial infarction appeared in the original brief heart on the pain persistent chest pain more than, difficult to relieve, often the cause of sudden death. Do electrocardiogram, check cardiac enzymes, or ultrasound of the heart, as well as the heart coronary artery 64-row CT imaging can be diagnosed. 3, damage to the brain: short-term blood pressure fluctuates too much, resulting in significant pressure changes in the brain, while the brain vascular spasm, dizziness and headache. If the sudden high blood pressure exceeds the compensatory capacity of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in vasodilation and increased intracranial pressure, causing severe headache and dizziness, nausea and vomiting, impaired consciousness and other hypertensive encephalopathy and crisis of life. When the blood pressure fluctuates too much and rises suddenly, the small aneurysm cannot withstand the large pressure and ruptures, resulting in cerebral hemorrhage leading to sudden hemiplegia, coma and even sudden death. A CT scan of the brain can be done to determine this, and an MRI can be done after the acute phase. High blood pressure can also lead to rupture of nasal hemangiomas and cause nosebleeds. Hypertension contributes to cerebral atherosclerosis and narrowing of cerebral blood vessels, which can be complicated by cerebral thrombosis. Dislodgement of the atherosclerotic section of the neck is also a source of emboli (which can be detected by an ultrasound of the neck). Occlusive lesions of small cerebral arteries, mainly in the vertical penetrating branches of the middle cerebral artery, cause lacunar cerebral infarction. Bleeding or ischemia due to brain rupture can lead to stroke with symptoms such as hemiplegia and aphasia, slanting of the mouth and numbness of the limbs. In the early stage, transcranial Doppler or cerebral angiography can be done to determine whether there is infarction or hemorrhage, and CT or MRI of the brain can be done to find out. 4, the damage to the kidney: long-term sustained hypertension to increase the pressure of the glomerular capsule, glomerular fibrosis, atrophy; and renal arteriosclerosis, renal artery stenosis. Because of renal parenchymal ischemia and continuous reduction of renal units, early urine can be monitored with protein, you can check the 24-hour urine trace protein, and eventually lead to renal failure and manifested as creatinine, uremic nitrogen elevation. Renal failure increases blood pressure even further, so renal injury is again one of the causes of refractory hypertensive disease. In malignant hypertension, proliferative endotheliitis and fibrinoid necrosis occur in the small arteries and interlobular arteries, which can lead to renal failure in a short period of time and can be life-threatening. The presence of edema in both legs aggravates hypertension and leads to stubbornly difficult to lower blood pressure. Ultrasound of the kidneys or renal artery imaging can be done to determine this. The narrowing of the renal arteries due to sclerosis turns primary hypertension into secondary hypertension, making it more difficult to treat. 5, to the eye retinal damage: the bottom of the eye to feel the light, part of the retinal small arteries in the early stage is the occurrence of spasm, with the progress of the disease appears arterial vascular sclerosis changes, can appear fundus thrombosis and blindness; or a sharp rise in blood pressure can cause retinal oozing and hemorrhage, resulting in sudden blindness. The fundus can be examined and photographed to determine this. Since the arteries in the fundus are the only arteries in the body that can be directly seen through fundus photography or fundoscopy, the degree of atherosclerosis can be directly determined by observing the changes in the arteries in the fundus. In conclusion, hypertension has extensive damage to several organs in the human body and is one of the major causes of disability and sudden death. The number of hypertensive patients in China has reached 220 million as of 2010, and the number of people suffering from hypertension is still increasing, which shows that this disease is quite harmful to our human and financial resources. Because most of the damage to the human body is unknowingly in the long-term slow development, often easy to be ignored, and found to have damage is already very serious, difficult to reverse, with many drugs are difficult to eradicate, so it is known as the silent first killer. Therefore, hypertension must be treated early, and actively prevent further aggravation, through drug treatment, with life regulation, is possible to control the further development of the disease. Another point that needs special attention is that because the damage caused by hypertension to the human body generally occurs slowly and unknowingly over a long period of time, some people think that it does not matter if their blood pressure is high at the beginning. The problem is that although patients with high blood pressure are just beginning to notice it, the body’s blood pressure regulating function has gone from normal to dysfunctional and elevated over a period of roughly four to five years. Without treatment this disorder is getting more and more serious, resulting in higher and higher blood pressure, and over time blood pressure needs to use a lot of drugs also difficult to control. At the same time, patients with long-term hypertension may encounter unexpected events in their lives that can lead to a sudden and dramatic increase in blood pressure for a short period of time, resulting in a life-threatening hypertensive crisis. It should also be pointed out that hypertension is a long-term slow process, but a slightly high blood pressure in the short term will not be harmful to the human body, that is, normal people also have blood pressure due to activities, mood swings and other factors and exceed the normal time. Some people are overly concerned about the damage to their bodies when they find that their blood pressure is a little high, but these concerns are superfluous, so it is unnecessary to be afraid of a slightly high blood pressure. It is possible to maintain good health as long as you choose reasonable antihypertensive drugs and take them for life under the correct guidance of your doctor. Therefore, some people claim that hypertension is a disease that does not affect longevity as long as the correct medication is adhered to, so there is no need to be afraid of antihypertensive drugs.