Parents may feel fearful, scared, helpless, and overwhelmed when witnessing a seizure, especially when they see it for the first time. For parents of children with epilepsy, having basic knowledge about epilepsy, recognizing the characteristics of different types of seizures and the unsafe risks they bring to the patient, observing the seizure correctly in the first place and giving the correct first aid will undoubtedly provide good help to the child. Grand mal seizures (i.e., generalized tonic-clonic seizures): are the main type of epilepsy requiring first aid, manifested by loss of consciousness, falling, rigidity (tonic part of the seizure), convulsions (clonic component of the seizure), the patient is completely unaware of the seizure, and the seizure usually lasts no more than 3 minutes. Grand mal seizures may cause bruises, cuts, sprains, tongue bites and, in rare cases, fractures, joint dislocations or other serious injuries. For a child having a grand mal seizure, the first aid measures for a witness are as follows: 1. Remain calm and watch for the duration and symptoms of the seizure. 2. Help the child lie down and place a soft cushion under the head and neck, away from sharp objects. 3. Turn the patient to one side, with the head and corner of the mouth toward the ground so that excessive saliva or liquid can be accidentally swallowed or aspirated to prevent backward tongue drop and airway blockage. 4.Loosen the collar, unbutton and belt, and remove the glasses. 5.Do not put any objects into the patient’s mouth, the bite force is very strong sometimes it will bite off fingers or objects leading to asphyxiation. 6.Do not give pills, drinks or food until the patient is fully awake. 7. Stay with the patient until he or she is fully awake and regains orientation. Do not restrain the patient after the seizure is over to avoid inducing excessive behavior in a confused state of consciousness after the seizure. Keep the patient in a safe environment and allow walking around. 8. If it is the patient’s first tonic-clonic seizure or lasts for more than 5 minutes; the state of consciousness does not return in the middle of successive seizures within a short period of time; the patient still cannot regain consciousness after 10-15 seizures stop, call an ambulance. 9, during and after the seizure, it is best to leave only 1-2 people to help, too many people will not only add to the chaos, but also increase the patient’s tension and embarrassment after waking up. 10. After the seizure is over and calmness is restored, do a good job of comforting and providing moral support. Complex partial seizures: Most of them are accompanied by automatisms. They often manifest as immobility, staring, automatic movements such as groping with hands, not talking or screaming, kicking and stomping, tearing paper, undressing, etc. Or they only manifest as impaired consciousness not able to respond to emotional and somatic stimuli. Patients may walk or run around during and after the seizure, therefore potential risk of injury. First aid for complex partial seizures is to keep the patient away from danger, avoid injuries such as burns and fall injuries, and take restraints if necessary to ensure patient safety. Medical help should be sought if the seizure is prolonged (more than 5-10 minutes of impaired consciousness with automaticity), or if consciousness does not return in the middle of 2 or more complex partial seizures. Simple partial seizures: Patients are conscious during the seizure, aware of the seizure and surroundings, and need help for special seizure symptoms, e.g., patients with hallucinatory seizures avoid ball movements, limb motor tics avoid handling sharp objects, simple simple partial seizures rarely need first aid, but when simple partial seizures progress to complex partial or generalized grand mal seizures, attention should be paid to first aid. Atonic and tonic seizures: They are characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone or rigidity, which lasts for a short time and usually causes a sudden fall, which is difficult to stop in time and therefore has a high risk of injury. Seizures do not require first aid, but they are often accompanied by other types of seizures (akathisia or myoclonus) and should be carefully monitored. Aphasic seizures: They are usually brief, rarely involve falls or trauma, and usually do not require first aid. A “persistent anhedonic seizure” should be treated as an emergency.