With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, health care awareness gradually increased, many women in the health checkup or inadvertently found a breast lump (or nodule), most female friends will be with a feeling of anxiety to the hospital, some of them are painless lumps, the nature of the benign or malignant need to be for further medical examination or observation, treatment, because of the timely detection of the problem, early systematic treatment, and obtain better treatment results; however, now in clinical work will still encounter a part of the patients who complained of finding a breast lump months or years, because it is a painless lump, then delayed to come to the hospital to find a specialist. However, in the clinical work, some patients will still encounter a part of the patients, who complained that they found breast lumps for several months or years, because it is a painless lump, so they delayed coming to the hospital to find a specialist for consultation, and only after surgical resection or breast skin breakage were found to be breast cancer, which is really a pity. As a breast specialist, and is committed to breast disease science publicity workers, it is very necessary for everyone to do a good job in this area of publicity, to bring you to recognize several common breast lumps represented by different diseases, know your enemy and know yourself, not to be in jeopardy. First, the classification of breast lumps At present, domestic and foreign breast lumps are categorized as: (1) hyperplastic lumps: that is, the breast is structurally unsound, is a benign lesion, can occur in the post-pubertal period to 50 The breast is structurally unsound, is a benign lesion, can occur in the post-pubertal period to the age of 50 years of age at any age. These benign breast lumps (or nodules) are pathologically categorized as: breast tissue hyperplasia, mastopathy, and cystic breast disease. Among them, breast cystic disease occurs mostly in women aged 30 to 50, especially among those who have not given birth. Hyperplastic breast lumps are often accompanied by premenstrual breast distension and pain, and after menstruation the pain will be reduced, and the lumps will shrink, and this kind of lumps is usually multiple. (2) Inflammatory lumps :Inflammatory lumps during lactation are mostly lumps caused by milk stasis or inflammatory lumps; non-lactating inflammatory lumps are classified as plasma cell mastitis or granulomatous lobular mastitis, which is a benign disease, and the cause of its occurrence is still unclear, in which plasma cell mastitis is thought to be due to nipple abnormality or milk duct dysplasia, and granulomatous mastitis is currently considered an autoimmune disease. The majority of cases of inflammatory mastitis are characterized by breast lumps, which are misdiagnosed because they resemble breast cancer in nature and on imaging. Generally speaking, inflammatory breast lumps are often accompanied by severe breast pain, localized lumps are accompanied by obvious redness, swelling, heat, pain and other inflammatory reactions, the lumps may become pus and break down, after anti-inflammatory treatment and local drainage, the inflammation subsides and the lumps may disappear. (3) Tumor mass, common clinical breast tumors are divided into: breast fibroadenoma, which is the most common tumor in young women. It can occur in women of any age after puberty, but it is more common in young women aged 18 to 25. The lumps are mostly single or multiple, and the tumors present round or oval, or lobular, nodular, solid and tough, with smooth surface, clear boundary, no adhesion with the surrounding tissues, sliding sensation on touch, no change in the surface skin, and no enlargement of axillary lymph nodes. The occurrence of this disease is related to endocrine hormone imbalance, such as the relative or absolute elevation of estrogen can cause this disease. Breast cancer:Prevalent between the ages of 40-60, with a higher incidence in women before and after menopause. At present, there is a trend of rejuvenation, and the number of female patients under 30 years of age is gradually increasing; it is a kind of cancer that usually occurs in the glandular epithelial tissue of the breast and seriously affects women’s physical and mental health, and it has become the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate among women, and the incidence rate has risen by 2.4% per year in recent years, and the annual incidence rate has already reached 54/100,000 now. The incidence rate of breast cancer in big cities is gradually approaching the level of developed countries in Europe and America. Breast cancer lumps are usually irregular spherical lumps with unclear boundary, sometimes can be flat and flaky; they are mostly solid lumps, hard as stone to touch; the lumps are often progressive in size, with characteristics such as solitary, poor mobility, etc.; there is no discomfort in the early stage; the most favorable site is often in the upper part of the outer part of the breast near the armpit. The thickening of breast gland after menopause also has the possibility of early cancer. ƒ Intraductal papilloma: these tumors are tumors growing in the ducts of the breast. They usually grow under the nipple and even cause bleeding from the nipple. Women near menopause may have this type of condition in one breast. Younger women may have them in both breasts. (4) Mammary Lipoma: It is a benign tumor that originates from the fatty tissue of the breast. It can occur at any age, and the age of onset is 30 to 50 years old. However, it is common in middle-aged and elderly women, often single, occasionally multiple, mostly located in the subcutaneous breast. Different from the common breast hyperplasia, the tumor is soft and round or oval in shape. The surface of the tumor is foliated, and the outer layer is a complete fibrous envelope with good mobility and no adhesion with the surrounding tissues. Commonly used methods for checking breast lumps: Choose reasonable, necessary and specific auxiliary examination means to help confirm the diagnosis of lumps. 1. Breast color ultrasound: Generally, color ultrasound can detect a lump with a diameter of 12.5px. Color ultrasound has certain advantages in the diagnosis of breast cysts, cystic hyperplasia and dense breast. However, it cannot show microcalcifications and is difficult to identify benign and malignant tumors. Therefore, mammography combined with ultrasonography is a widely used examination method in the world. 2. Mammogram: It is an important and effective method to diagnose breast lesions. It has been used in Europe and America for nearly 50 years. For those who are over 40 years old and are sure or suspected to have breast lumps, they should routinely perform axial and lateral oblique radiography of both mammary glands. For those who are 35-40 years old and have high risk factors for breast cancer or color ultrasound suggests that there are suspicious lesions, it is feasible to take double breast axial and lateral oblique radiographs. 3 . Breast hollow core needle biopsy: the application of 11 to 14 gauge thicker top with groove cutting needle to cut a larger amount of specimen, more accurate than fine needle aspiration cytology for pathological diagnosis. 4. Lactoductoscopy: if the mass in the central area of the breast or close to the areola is accompanied by nipple fluid or blood overflow, it is valuable for the characterization and localization of lesions in the milk ducts. 5. CT and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Although the resolution is high and the cross-sectional images do not overlap, they are expensive and should not be used as a routine screening method for breast lumps. 6. Near-infrared scanning: It is more difficult to make a definite judgment on the identification of lumps due to many influencing factors. 7. Lump biopsy: those with high risk factors for breast cancer should undergo lumpectomy, frozen or rapid section examination or routine paraffin section examination to avoid misdiagnosis. Third, the common ways to prevent breast lumps: 1, keep a good mood: breast lumps are most afraid of is a good mood, because the mood is good, the normal ovulation of the ovary will not be bad mood obstruction, the secretion of progesterone will not be reduced, the mammary glands will not be stimulated by the unilateral stimulation of estrogen and lesions, the lesions of the mammary glands and even the gradual recovery of the care of the progesterone. 2, maintain regular sleep: sleep is not only conducive to balancing the endocrine system, but also provides a good environment for all kinds of hormones in the body to play a balanced role in health, and a good internal environment will reduce the incidence of various breast lesions. Harmonious sex life: Harmonious sex life can firstly regulate the endocrine, stimulate the secretion of progesterone, and increase the protection and repair strength of the mammary gland. Of course, sex will also stimulate the secretion of estrogen, but under the supervision of progesterone, estrogen can only good breasts, will not produce adverse lesions. In addition, orgasmic stimulation can also accelerate blood circulation, to avoid breasts due to poor blood circulation and hyperplasia. 4, pregnancy, breastfeeding: pregnancy, breastfeeding is a good way to combat various breast diseases, progesterone secretion is sufficient to effectively protect and repair the mammary glands; and breastfeeding can make the mammary glands fully developed and well degraded after weaning, and is not easy to appear lesions. 5, regulating menstruation: Clinical findings show that women with menstrual cycle disorders are more prone to breast lesions and breast lumps than others. By regulating the endocrine regulation of menstruation, you can also prevent various breast lesions. 6, low-fat high-fiber diet: follow the “low-fat high-fiber” dietary principles, eat more whole grains, beans and vegetables, increase the body’s metabolic pathway, reduce the mammary glands are subjected to adverse stimuli, can be very good to prevent breast lumps. At the same time, should also control animal protein intake, so as to avoid excessive estrogen, resulting in breast lesions. 7, supplemental vitamins, minerals: the human body if the lack of B vitamins, vitamin C or calcium, magnesium and other minerals, prostaglandin E synthesis will be affected, the mammary glands will be in the overstimulation of other hormones, lesions, so in order to prevent breast lumps, we need to supplement the vitamins and minerals in a timely manner. 8, moderate, regular sports: sports can change the mood, relieve pressure. The reason for the increase in the incidence of breast cancer, and modern women’s stress is also related to the mood of the relationship between the immune system and the endocrine system is balanced, so through the movement of physical and mental pleasure, relieve stress is also a way to prevent breast lumps. Fourth, the principle of treatment of breast lumps, removal or observation This issue has been mentioned in the CCTV feature, in fact, the key to the problem is: is there a lump? Benign or malignant? Benign lumps will not be malignant? Whether there is a lump or not is very simple, as long as it can be felt or detected by ultrasound. However, is it possible that it is a breast enlargement? If it is a breast enlargement, should it be removed? Benign or malignant, it is recommended that you do not guess and look at the pathology results! Can a benign lump become malignant? All you seem to be able to say is that it can, or at least it’s very likely. Therefore, my current recommendation is that we recommend surgical excision biopsy whenever there is a lump (except for small or multiple hyperplastic breast nodules) that can be removed, especially in women over 30 years of age with high risk factors for breast cancer, and we recommend surgical excision biopsy for breast fibroadenomas in young women under 30 years of age, with lumps less than 75px and slow-growing, which can be removed from the breast lump after marriage and before childbirth. Inflammatory breast lumps, in the appropriate timing of surgery, the choice of breast lumpectomy, of course, can not ignore the possibility of inflammatory breast cancer.